Question 1

Which of the following best describes the main difference between a genomic DNA library and a cDNA library?

Accepted Answer

A genomic DNA library contains DNA fragments representing the entire genome, while a cDNA library contains only cDNA copies of mRNA representing expressed genes.

Question 2

In Sanger sequencing, what is the role of dideoxynucleotides (ddNTPs)?

Accepted Answer

They terminate DNA synthesis by lacking a 3'-OH group, preventing the addition of further nucleotides.

Question 3

Which sequencing technology is most suitable for sequencing long DNA fragments (10,000 bp or more) in real time?

Accepted Answer

Single-molecule sequencing (e.g., PacBio or Nanopore)

Question 4

A researcher wants to compare gene expression profiles between normal and cancerous tissues. Which omics approach and sequencing technology should they use?

Accepted Answer

Transcriptomics with RNA-seq using Illumina NGS

Question 5

Which of the following is a key advantage of Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) over Sanger sequencing?

Accepted Answer

NGS allows massively parallel sequencing of millions of short DNA fragments, increasing throughput and reducing cost per base.

Question 6

Which of the following best describes the process of genome assembly?

Accepted Answer

Aligning short sequence reads based on overlapping regions to reconstruct the original genome sequence.

Question 7

A patient is suspected to have a genetic disorder caused by a single nucleotide change. Which type of genetic variation is most likely responsible?

Accepted Answer

Single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP)

Question 8

Which of the following omics technologies would be most appropriate for identifying tumor-specific DNA methylation patterns?

Accepted Answer

Epigenomics

Question 9

In Illumina sequencing, what is the purpose of adding adapters to DNA fragments during library preparation?

Accepted Answer

To enable the fragments to bind to the flow cell surface for amplification and sequencing.

Question 10

Which of the following best explains why the human reference genome is not a consensus genome from a single individual?

Accepted Answer

It is assembled from pooled haploid genomes of multiple individuals to represent genetic diversity.

Question 11

Which sequencing method would be most appropriate for detecting rare cell types in a heterogeneous tissue sample?

Accepted Answer

Single-cell RNA-seq

Question 12

Which of the following is a primary goal of the Human Genome Project?

Accepted Answer

To sequence and map all human genes and identify their locations in the genome.

Question 13

A researcher is interested in studying the effect of environmental factors on gene expression and chromatin accessibility. Which two omics approaches should be integrated?

Accepted Answer

Transcriptomics and epigenomics

Question 14

Which of the following best describes a contig in genome assembly?

Accepted Answer

A continuous sequence of DNA constructed by overlapping sequence reads.

Question 15

Which of the following is a key feature of third-generation sequencing technologies such as PacBio and Nanopore?

Accepted Answer

They can sequence single DNA molecules in real time, producing long reads.

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the purpose of functional annotation in genomics?

Accepted Answer

Assigning biological functions to genomic elements such as genes and regulatory regions.

Question 17

A scientist is using metagenomics to study the microbial community in soil. What is a major advantage of this approach?

Accepted Answer

It allows sequencing of DNA from all microbes in the environment without culturing.

Question 18

Which of the following equations correctly represents the calculation of genetic distance in centimorgans (cM) based on recombination frequency?

Accepted Answer

$$cM = 	ext{recombination frequency} 	imes 100$$

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the main application of proteomics in cancer research?

Accepted Answer

Identifying tumor-specific protein expression patterns to aid in diagnosis and treatment.

Genomic Technologies: DNA Sequencing, Genomics, and Multi-Omics Applications

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