Question 1

Which of the following best describes why non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) are considered 'non-coding'?

Accepted Answer

They are not translated into proteins.

Question 2

A researcher discovers a new RNA molecule in the nucleus that is about 110 nucleotides long and assists in splicing mRNA. Which type of RNA is this most likely to be?

Accepted Answer

Small nuclear RNA (snRNA)

Question 3

Which of the following non-coding RNAs is directly involved in telomere length maintenance?

Accepted Answer

Telomerase RNA component (TERC)

Question 4

Which statement about the location of non-coding RNA genes in the human genome is correct?

Accepted Answer

They can be nested within or overlap with protein-coding gene introns or exons.

Question 5

A patient with cancer is found to have altered levels of vault RNA (vtRNA) in their cells. Which function of vtRNA is most relevant to this observation?

Accepted Answer

Involvement in cell growth and apoptosis; evidence for cancer multidrug resistance

Question 6

Which of the following non-coding RNAs is primarily involved in repressing transposons and maintaining germline DNA integrity?

Accepted Answer

Piwi-protein interacting RNA (piRNA)

Question 7

Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are defined as being longer than how many nucleotides?

Accepted Answer

$$200\ 	ext{nt}$$

Question 8

Which of the following is a function shared by small nuclear RNA (snRNA), small nucleolar RNA (snoRNA), and small Cajal body RNA (scaRNA)?

Accepted Answer

Assist in splicing mRNA and modifying other RNAs

Question 9

A scientist is studying a non-coding RNA found in intergenic regions (gene deserts) of the genome. Which type of RNA is this most likely to be?

Accepted Answer

Long interspersed non-coding RNA (lincRNA)

Question 10

Which of the following best describes the role of microRNA (miRNA) in the cell?

Accepted Answer

Regulate gene expression and post-transcriptional modification of mRNAs

Question 11

Which non-coding RNA is most likely to be involved in cell pluripotency, cell cycle, apoptosis, and cancer, and is typically very long (up to 1,000,000 nt)?

Accepted Answer

Very long interspersed non-coding RNA (vlincRNA)

Question 12

Which of the following equations best represents the proportion of the human genome that codes for protein-producing genes?

Accepted Answer

$$\frac{1}{100}$$

Question 13

A geneticist is investigating a non-coding RNA that regulates and silences gene expression. Which type of RNA is most likely being studied?

Accepted Answer

Short interfering RNA (siRNA)

Question 14

Which of the following is NOT a function attributed to non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) according to current research?

Accepted Answer

Facilitating transcription of mRNA into an amino acid chain

Question 15

A mutation in the TERC gene is most likely to affect which cellular process?

Accepted Answer

Telomere length maintenance

Question 16

Which of the following non-coding RNAs is involved in DNA replication, RNA stability, and cellular stress responses?

Accepted Answer

Y RNA (yRNA)

Question 17

If a cell has a deficiency in small nucleolar RNA (snoRNA), which process is most likely to be disrupted?

Accepted Answer

Splicing of mRNA and modification of other RNAs

Question 18

Which of the following best explains why non-coding RNAs are considered potential targets for therapeutic intervention?

Accepted Answer

They play major roles in gene regulation and disease progression, including cancer.

Question 19

Which of the following non-coding RNAs is most likely to be found in gene deserts and is longer than 200 nucleotides?

Accepted Answer

Long interspersed non-coding RNA (lincRNA)

Question 20

A cell exposed to cytotoxic chemotherapy drugs shows increased resistance. Which non-coding RNA is most likely associated with this phenomenon?

Accepted Answer

Vault RNA (vtRNA)

Introduction to Non-Coding RNAs: Types, Functions, and Genomic Context

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