Question 1

Which of the following best describes the main difference between mitosis and meiosis in terms of chromosome number in daughter cells?

Accepted Answer

Mitosis produces diploid daughter cells ($$2n$$), while meiosis produces haploid gametes ($$1n).$$

Question 2

What is the primary function of meiosis in sexually reproducing organisms?

Accepted Answer

To allow haploid gametes to combine at fertilization, maintaining the diploid genome size ($$2n).$$

Question 3

During meiosis, genetic variation is introduced by which process?

Accepted Answer

Crossing over between homologous chromosomes during prophase I.

Question 4

If a diploid cell ($$2n = 8) $$undergoes meiosis, how many chromosomes will each gamete contain?

Accepted Answer

$$4$$

Question 5

Which statement about genetic recombination during meiosis is correct?

Accepted Answer

It results in unique combinations of parental chromosomes in gametes.

Question 6

In oogenesis, why do polar bodies form?

Accepted Answer

Because daughter cells receive equal genetic material but unequal cytoplasm.

Question 7

A genetic test shows that Annika shares 28.6% of her DNA with Grandpa D and 21.4% with Grandma K. What does this variation illustrate?

Accepted Answer

That genetic recombination leads to variable amounts of DNA inherited from each grandparent.

Question 8

Which phase of meiosis is characterized by homologous chromosomes being pulled apart?

Accepted Answer

Anaphase I

Question 9

During spermatogenesis, how many mature sperm cells are produced from one primary spermatocyte?

Accepted Answer

Four

Question 10

In human females, oogenesis arrests during which stage and resumes prior to ovulation?

Accepted Answer

Prophase I

Question 11

Which of the following is a direct result of crossing over during meiosis?

Accepted Answer

Formation of mosaic chromosomes.

Question 12

If nondisjunction occurs during meiosis I, what is the most likely outcome for the resulting gametes?

Accepted Answer

Some gametes will have an extra chromosome, and some will be missing one.

Question 13

Which process ensures that the genome size is maintained at $$2n$$ after fertilization?

Accepted Answer

Fusion of haploid gametes during fertilization

Question 14

Which of the following best explains why siblings can inherit different proportions of DNA from their grandparents?

Accepted Answer

Random alignment and crossing over during meiosis create unique combinations of chromosomes in gametes.

Question 15

Which event occurs during prophase I of meiosis and is essential for genetic recombination?

Accepted Answer

Synapsis and crossing over between homologous chromosomes

Question 16

A cell with $$2n = 6$$ chromosomes undergoes meiosis. After meiosis II, how many chromosomes will each gamete have?

Accepted Answer

$$3$$

Question 17

Which statement about polar bodies is correct?

Accepted Answer

They receive less cytoplasm and do not become eggs.

Question 18

Which of the following is NOT a function of meiosis?

Accepted Answer

Producing genetically identical cells for tissue repair.

Question 19

During which stage of meiosis are sister chromatids separated?

Accepted Answer

Anaphase II

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the outcome of oogenesis in humans?

Accepted Answer

One haploid ovum and polar bodies are produced from each oogonium.

Meiosis, Genetic Recombination, and Gamete Formation

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