Question 1

Which of the following best describes the outcome of mitosis in a diploid human cell with 46 chromosomes?

Accepted Answer

Two daughter cells, each with 46 chromosomes

Question 2

During which phase of the cell cycle does DNA replication occur, and what is the ploidy of the cell immediately after this phase?

Accepted Answer

S phase; diploid

Question 3

What is the primary function of the centrosome during mitosis?

Accepted Answer

To organize microtubules and form the mitotic spindle

Question 4

Which checkpoint ensures that all chromosomes are properly attached to the spindle before anaphase begins?

Accepted Answer

M checkpoint

Question 5

A mutation causes the kinetochores to fail to attach to spindle fibers. What is the most likely consequence during mitosis?

Accepted Answer

Sister chromatids will not separate during anaphase

Question 6

Which of the following equations correctly represents the chromosome number in a diploid cell before and after mitosis?

Accepted Answer

$$2n \rightarrow 2n + 2n$$

Question 7

What is the role of the G1/S checkpoint in the cell cycle?

Accepted Answer

It monitors cell size and DNA integrity before DNA replication

Question 8

Which phase of mitosis is characterized by the alignment of chromosomes along the metaphase plate?

Accepted Answer

Metaphase

Question 9

If a cell fails to pass the G2/M checkpoint due to incomplete DNA replication, what is the most likely outcome?

Accepted Answer

The cell cycle will pause to allow DNA repair or completion of replication

Question 10

Which of the following statements about mitosis is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

Mitosis generates genetic variation in daughter cells

Question 11

A scientist observes a cell with condensed chromosomes, a disassembled nuclear envelope, and spindle fibers attaching to kinetochores. Which phase is this cell most likely in?

Accepted Answer

Prometaphase

Question 12

Which structure is responsible for pulling sister chromatids apart during anaphase?

Accepted Answer

Kinetochore microtubules

Question 13

In a plant cell, what structure forms during telophase to separate the two daughter cells?

Accepted Answer

Cell plate

Question 14

Which of the following best explains why mitosis does not generate genetic variation?

Accepted Answer

Daughter cells receive identical copies of the parent cell's DNA

Question 15

A cell is observed with chromosomes relaxing, two new nuclear membranes forming, and cytokinesis beginning. Which phase is this?

Accepted Answer

Telophase

Question 16

Which of the following events occurs during interphase but NOT during mitosis?

Accepted Answer

DNA replication

Question 17

If a mutation prevents centrosome duplication, what is the most likely effect on mitosis?

Accepted Answer

Spindle fibers will not form properly, leading to errors in chromosome segregation

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the G0 phase?

Accepted Answer

A nondividing but metabolically active state

Question 19

A patient’s biopsy shows cells with abnormal chromosome numbers. Which checkpoint likely failed during the cell cycle?

Accepted Answer

M checkpoint

Question 20

Which of the following is a correct sequence of events during mitosis?

Accepted Answer

Prophase → Metaphase → Anaphase → Telophase

Mitosis: Mechanisms and Regulation of Somatic Cell Division

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