Question 1

Which pattern of inheritance is characterized by traits that appear with equal frequency in both sexes, often skip generations, and are more likely to appear when parents are related (consanguinity)?

Accepted Answer

Autosomal recessive

Question 2

In a pedigree, what does a filled square represent?

Accepted Answer

An affected male

Question 3

A pedigree shows a trait that does not skip generations, is present in both males and females equally, and unaffected individuals do not transmit the trait. What is the most likely mode of inheritance?

Accepted Answer

Autosomal dominant

Question 4

If a woman who is a carrier for an X-linked recessive trait has children with a man who does not have the trait, what is the probability that a son will be affected?

Accepted Answer

$$\frac{1}{2}$$

Question 5

Which inheritance pattern is described by the following: only males are affected, the trait is passed from father to all sons, and it does not skip generations?

Accepted Answer

Y-linked

Question 6

In a pedigree, how are twins represented?

Accepted Answer

Two diagonal lines from the same parents, joined at a single point

Question 7

A pedigree shows a trait that appears more frequently in males, skips generations, and is never passed from father to son. What is the most likely mode of inheritance?

Accepted Answer

X-linked recessive

Question 8

If two heterozygous carriers for an autosomal recessive trait have children, what is the probability that a child will be affected by the trait?

Accepted Answer

$$\frac{1}{4}$$

Question 9

Which of the following is NOT a feature of autosomal dominant inheritance?

Accepted Answer

Unaffected persons can transmit the trait

Question 10

A pedigree shows a trait that is passed from affected mothers to half of their sons and half of their daughters, and does not skip generations. What is the most likely mode of inheritance?

Accepted Answer

X-linked dominant

Question 11

In a pedigree, what does a diamond symbol represent?

Accepted Answer

A person of unknown sex

Question 12

Consanguinity in a pedigree increases the probability of which type of genetic trait appearing in offspring?

Accepted Answer

Autosomal recessive

Question 13

Which of the following best describes the inheritance pattern of Huntington's Disease?

Accepted Answer

Autosomal dominant

Question 14

A pedigree shows a trait that is present in every generation, affects both males and females, and is passed from affected fathers to all daughters but never to sons. What is the most likely mode of inheritance?

Accepted Answer

X-linked dominant

Question 15

If a male is affected by a Y-linked trait, what is the probability that his son will also be affected?

Accepted Answer

$$1$$

Question 16

Which of the following is a real-world example of an X-linked recessive trait?

Accepted Answer

Red/Green colorblindness

Question 17

In a pedigree, what does a half-filled circle represent?

Accepted Answer

A female carrier

Question 18

A pedigree shows a trait that is only present in males, is passed from father to all sons, and never appears in females. Which genetic disorder fits this pattern?

Accepted Answer

Y chromosome infertility

Question 19

If a trait is autosomal recessive and both parents are carriers, what is the probability that their child will be a carrier but not affected?

Accepted Answer

$$\frac{1}{2}$$

Question 20

Which of the following statements about X-linked dominant inheritance is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

Affected mothers pass the trait to half of their sons and half of their daughters

Pedigree Analysis and Patterns of Inheritance

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