Q: A population of 100 individuals has the following genotype counts: AA = 36, Aa = 48, aa = 16. What is the frequency of the A allele?

$$p = \frac{2(36) + 48}{2 \times 100} = 0.6$$

Q: If a population of 200 individuals has 80 AA, 100 Aa, and 20 aa, what is the frequency of the a allele?

$$q = \frac{2(20) + 100}{2 \times 200} = 0.35$$

Question 1

The image of a Chihuahua and a Great Dane best illustrates which concept in population genetics?

Accepted Answer

Genetic variation within a species

Question 2

Which of the following is NOT an assumption of the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium?

Accepted Answer

Constant mutation rate

Question 3

Given a population with two alleles, A and a, if $$p = 0.7$$ and $$q = 0.3$$, what is the expected frequency of heterozygotes under Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium?

Accepted Answer

$$2pq = 2(0.7)(0.3) = 0.42$$

Question 4

A population of 100 individuals has the following genotype counts: AA = 36, Aa = 48, aa = 16. What is the frequency of the A allele?

Accepted Answer

$$p = \frac{2(36) + 48}{2 	imes 100} = 0.6$$

Question 5

Which factor would most likely cause a population to deviate from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium?

Accepted Answer

Strong natural selection

Question 6

If the observed genotype frequencies in a population are significantly different from those expected under Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, what is the most appropriate statistical test to use?

Accepted Answer

Chi-square test

Question 7

In a population, the frequency of allele a is $$q = 0.4. $$What is the expected frequency of homozygous recessive individuals (aa) under Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium?

Accepted Answer

$$q^2$$ = $$(0.4)^2 = 0.16$

Question 8

Which of the following best describes gene frequency?

Accepted Answer

The relative abundance of a particular gene compared to its alleles in a population

Question 9

A population is in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. If the frequency of genotype AA is 0.36, what is the frequency of allele A?

Accepted Answer

$$p = \sqrt{0.36} = 0.6$$

Question 10

Which scenario would most likely increase heterozygosity in a population?

Accepted Answer

Random mating in a large population

Question 11

If a population of 200 individuals has 80 AA, 100 Aa, and 20 aa, what is the frequency of the a allele?

Accepted Answer

$$q = \frac{2(20) + 100}{2 	imes 200} = 0.35$$

Question 12

Which of the following is a real-world example of artificial selection affecting gene frequencies?

Accepted Answer

Farmers breeding cows for higher milk production

Question 13

A population has the following genotype frequencies: AA = 0.16, Aa = 0.48, aa = 0.36. Is this population in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium?

Accepted Answer

No, because the allele frequencies do not match the genotype frequencies

Question 14

Which of the following would NOT change allele frequencies in a population?

Accepted Answer

Random mating

Question 15

If the observed and expected genotype frequencies in a population are not significantly different, what does this suggest?

Accepted Answer

The population is in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium

Question 16

Which of the following is a correct formula for calculating the expected number of heterozygotes in a population of size N under Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium?

Accepted Answer

$$2pqN$$

Question 17

A population of 500 individuals has 125 individuals with genotype aa. What is the frequency of allele a?

Accepted Answer

$$q = \sqrt{\frac{125}{500}} = 0.5$$

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the gene pool of a population?

Accepted Answer

The genetic information carried by all members of a population

Question 19

Which of the following is a plausible reason for a population to have high heterozygosity?

Accepted Answer

Large population size and random mating

Population Genetics and the Hardy-Weinberg Law

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