Question 1

Which of the following best explains why restriction enzymes are essential tools in recombinant DNA technology?

Accepted Answer

They cut DNA at specific palindromic sequences, allowing for precise insertion of foreign DNA.

Question 2

A researcher wants to clone a 150 kilobase fragment of human DNA. Which vector would be most appropriate for this purpose?

Accepted Answer

Yeast artificial chromosome (YAC)

Question 3

In a blue-white screening experiment, which result indicates that a bacterial colony contains a plasmid with an inserted foreign DNA fragment?

Accepted Answer

Colonies appear white on X-gal plates.

Question 4

Which of the following statements correctly distinguishes a genomic library from a cDNA library?

Accepted Answer

A genomic library contains all DNA sequences from an organism, while a cDNA library contains only sequences transcribed into mRNA.

Question 5

During PCR, which step is responsible for the separation of double-stranded DNA into single strands?

Accepted Answer

Denaturation at $$92-95^\circ C$$

Question 6

A scientist uses Southern blotting to analyze DNA samples. What is the primary purpose of this technique?

Accepted Answer

To identify which clones in a DNA library contain a specific DNA sequence.

Question 7

Which sequencing technology allows for real-time visualization of nucleotide incorporation but is limited by a higher error rate?

Accepted Answer

Third-generation sequencing

Question 8

A knockout mouse is created to study the function of a gene suspected to be lethal when completely inactivated. Which genetic engineering strategy should be used to study this gene?

Accepted Answer

Conditional knockout

Question 9

Which of the following best describes how the CRISPR-Cas9 system edits a genome?

Accepted Answer

Cas9 binds to a custom-designed crRNA and cleaves DNA at a sequence adjacent to a PAM site, allowing for targeted gene modification.

Question 10

Which repair pathway is most likely to introduce small insertions or deletions after a CRISPR-Cas9-induced double-strand break?

Accepted Answer

Nonhomologous end joining (NHEJ)

Question 11

Which of the following is a major advantage of using short tandem repeats (STRs) over variable number tandem repeats (VNTRs) in forensic DNA profiling?

Accepted Answer

STRs can be amplified by PCR, allowing analysis of degraded or small samples.

Question 12

A forensic scientist is analyzing a mixed DNA sample from a crime scene containing both male and female DNA. Which profiling method would best allow them to specifically identify the male contributor?

Accepted Answer

Y-chromosome STR profiling

Question 13

Which of the following is a limitation of using mitochondrial DNA profiling in forensic investigations?

Accepted Answer

It is inherited only from the mother, so individuals with the same maternal lineage have identical profiles.

Question 14

Which of the following best describes the difference between whole-genome sequencing (WGS) and whole-exome sequencing (WES)?

Accepted Answer

WGS sequences the entire genome, while WES sequences only the exons (protein-coding regions).

Question 15

A patient is prescribed a drug metabolized by the enzyme CYP2D6. Genetic testing reveals the patient is homozygous for alleles that decrease enzyme activity. What is the most likely clinical consequence?

Accepted Answer

The patient will metabolize the drug slowly, increasing the risk of overdose.

Question 16

Which of the following is a key ethical concern associated with germ-line gene therapy?

Accepted Answer

It can introduce heritable genetic changes affecting future generations without their consent.

Question 17

Which method is most appropriate for detecting a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) associated with a genetic disorder in a large number of patients simultaneously?

Accepted Answer

Microarray analysis

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the process of annotation in genomics?

Accepted Answer

Identifying genes, regulatory sequences, and their functions within a DNA sequence.

Question 19

A genetically modified crop is created using Agrobacterium-mediated transformation. What is the role of the Ti plasmid in this process?

Accepted Answer

It integrates the gene of interest into the plant genome, replacing tumor-causing genes with desired traits.

Question 20

Which of the following is a potential environmental risk associated with genetically modified (GM) crops?

Accepted Answer

Transfer of herbicide-resistance genes to wild species, potentially disrupting ecosystem diversity.

Recombinant DNA Technology, Genomic Analysis, Genetic Engineering, DNA Forensics, and Gene Therapy: Study Guide

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