Question 1

Which of the following best describes the primary function of RNA polymerase II in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

It transcribes protein-coding genes into messenger RNA (mRNA).

Question 2

Which sequence is most commonly found in the core promoter region of eukaryotic genes and is essential for the binding of transcription factors?

Accepted Answer

TATA box

Question 3

What is the main role of general transcription factors (GTFs) in eukaryotic transcription?

Accepted Answer

They facilitate the binding of RNA polymerase II to the promoter.

Question 4

Which of the following statements about enhancers is correct?

Accepted Answer

They can function at great distances from the gene they regulate.

Question 5

During eukaryotic transcription termination, which sequence signals the cleavage of the newly synthesized RNA transcript?

Accepted Answer

AAUAAA

Question 6

Which of the following modifications occurs at the 5' end of a newly synthesized eukaryotic mRNA?

Accepted Answer

Addition of a 7-methylguanosine cap

Question 7

A mutation prevents the removal of introns from a pre-mRNA. What is the most likely consequence?

Accepted Answer

The mRNA will be translated into a nonfunctional protein.

Question 8

Alternative splicing allows for which of the following outcomes?

Accepted Answer

The synthesis of multiple proteins from a single gene.

Question 9

Which of the following best explains why eukaryotic transcription and translation are separated in space and time?

Accepted Answer

Eukaryotic cells lack ribosomes in the nucleus.

Question 10

Which of the following is a function of introns in eukaryotic genes?

Accepted Answer

They allow for alternative splicing, increasing protein diversity.

Question 11

A researcher deletes the polyadenylation signal from a gene. What is the most likely effect on the mRNA produced?

Accepted Answer

The mRNA will be unstable and rapidly degraded.

Question 12

Which of the following best describes the difference between exons and introns?

Accepted Answer

Exons are expressed sequences retained in mature mRNA, while introns are noncoding sequences removed.

Question 13

Which of the following is a direct result of chromatin remodeling during eukaryotic transcription?

Accepted Answer

DNA becomes more accessible to RNA polymerase.

Question 14

Which of the following is NOT a cis-acting DNA element involved in transcription regulation?

Accepted Answer

General transcription factor

Question 15

A mutation in the TATA-binding protein (TBP) would most likely affect which process?

Accepted Answer

Binding of RNA polymerase II to the core promoter

Question 16

Which of the following best explains the evolutionary advantage of exon/intron gene structure?

Accepted Answer

It enables the evolution of new genes through exon shuffling and alternative splicing.

Question 17

Which enzyme catalyzes the addition of the poly-A tail to eukaryotic mRNA?

Accepted Answer

Poly-A polymerase

Question 18

Which of the following is a key difference between transcription in bacteria and eukaryotes?

Accepted Answer

Eukaryotic transcription requires chromatin remodeling.

Question 19

Which process is responsible for removing introns and joining exons in pre-mRNA?

Accepted Answer

RNA splicing

Question 20

A patient has a genetic disorder caused by a mutation that disrupts the function of an enhancer. Which of the following is the most likely effect?

Accepted Answer

Decreased or abolished transcription of the affected gene

The Genetic Code and Transcription in Eukaryotes

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