Question 1

Which of the following best describes the Central Dogma of molecular biology?

Accepted Answer

DNA is transcribed into RNA, which is then translated into protein.

Question 2

A gene is considered 'expressed' when:

Accepted Answer

It is transcribed into RNA and translated into protein.

Question 3

Which of the following statements about gene expression in multicellular organisms is correct?

Accepted Answer

Each cell contains the same DNA, but different genes are expressed in different cell types.

Question 4

Which of the following is NOT a function of proteins in cells?

Accepted Answer

Encoding genetic information.

Question 5

Which of the following is true regarding the difference between DNA and RNA?

Accepted Answer

RNA contains uracil, while DNA contains thymine.

Question 6

Given the DNA template strand sequence 3'-TACCAGGAGT-5', what is the sequence of the mRNA transcript?

Accepted Answer

5'-AUGGUCCUCA-3'

Question 7

Which of the following best describes the role of promoters in transcription?

Accepted Answer

Promoters are DNA sequences where RNA polymerase binds to initiate transcription.

Question 8

In eukaryotes, which of the following modifications occur to the primary mRNA transcript before it becomes mature mRNA?

Accepted Answer

Addition of a 5' cap and a poly-A tail, and removal of introns.

Question 9

Which of the following statements about alternative splicing is correct?

Accepted Answer

Alternative splicing can produce different proteins from the same gene by including or excluding certain exons.

Question 10

Which of the following is a correct statement about the direction of transcription?

Accepted Answer

Transcription proceeds in the 5' to 3' direction on the mRNA.

Question 11

Which of the following is true about RNA polymerase?

Accepted Answer

RNA polymerase synthesizes RNA using a DNA template.

Question 12

Which of the following sequences is found in prokaryotic promoters and is important for RNA polymerase binding?

Accepted Answer

The -10 and -35 boxes.

Question 13

Which of the following is a plausible consequence of a mutation that disrupts the consensus sequence of a promoter?

Accepted Answer

Decreased binding of RNA polymerase and lower gene expression.

Question 14

Which of the following statements about enhancers and silencers is correct?

Accepted Answer

Enhancers and silencers are DNA sequences that regulate gene expression by binding transcription factors.

Question 15

Which of the following is true regarding the coding and template strands during transcription?

Accepted Answer

The mRNA sequence is complementary to the template strand and identical (except U for T) to the coding strand.

Question 16

A mature eukaryotic mRNA contains which of the following features?

Accepted Answer

5' cap, exons, poly-A tail, and untranslated regions (UTRs).

Question 17

Which of the following is a real-world example of alternative splicing affecting protein function?

Accepted Answer

Production of membrane-bound and secreted antibody molecules from the same gene.

Question 18

Which of the following statements about introns and exons is correct?

Accepted Answer

Introns are spliced out and degraded, while exons remain in the mature mRNA.

Question 19

A mutation causes an exon to be skipped during alternative splicing. What is the most likely consequence?

Accepted Answer

The mature mRNA will lack that exon, potentially producing a protein with altered function.

Transcription and Gene Expression: Genetics Study Notes

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