Question 1

Which statement best describes the Central Dogma of molecular biology?

Accepted Answer

Genetic information flows from DNA to RNA to protein.

Question 2

Which RNA polymerase in eukaryotes is responsible for transcribing mRNA?

Accepted Answer

RNA polymerase II

Question 3

In prokaryotes, where does transcription initiation occur?

Accepted Answer

At the ribosome binding site (RBS) or Shine-Dalgarno sequence

Question 4

Which of the following is NOT a function of snRNAs (small nuclear RNAs) in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Polyadenylation of mRNA

Question 5

What is the role of the TATA box in eukaryotic transcription?

Accepted Answer

It serves as a promoter element for transcription initiation.

Question 6

Which equation correctly represents the direction of protein synthesis?

Accepted Answer

$$\mathrm{N} \rightarrow \mathrm{C}$$

Question 7

During eukaryotic mRNA processing, which modification occurs before the mRNA leaves the nucleus?

Accepted Answer

Addition of a 5' methylguanosine cap

Question 8

Which of the following statements about prokaryotic mRNA is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

It is typically polycistronic, encoding multiple proteins.

Question 9

What is the function of release factors during translation termination in prokaryotes?

Accepted Answer

They recognize stop codons and promote release of the polypeptide.

Question 10

Which step in eukaryotic translation involves the ribosome scanning for the start codon?

Accepted Answer

Initiation

Question 11

A mutation in the polyadenylation machinery would most likely affect which process?

Accepted Answer

Recognition of termination sequences (e.g. AAUAAA)

Question 12

Which of the following is a correct description of the role of U2 snRNA?

Accepted Answer

It acts as a spliceosome element recognizing the branch point in introns.

Question 13

Which of the following is TRUE about the genetic code?

Accepted Answer

Most organisms use the same genetic code with only minor differences.

Question 14

In eukaryotic transcription, what is the typical distance between the TATA box and the transcription start site?

Accepted Answer

$$25-30$$ nucleotides

Question 15

Which enzyme is responsible for synthesizing rRNA in eukaryotes?

Accepted Answer

RNA polymerase I

Question 16

Which process is directly affected if the splicing machinery is defective?

Accepted Answer

Removal of introns from pre-mRNA

Question 17

Which of the following is a unique feature of eukaryotic translation compared to prokaryotic translation?

Accepted Answer

Scanning for the start codon by the ribosome

Question 18

What is the role of GTP in translation termination?

Accepted Answer

It is required for the release of the amino acid by the ribosome.

Question 19

Which of the following is a correct sequence of events in eukaryotic translation initiation?

Accepted Answer

Ribosome binds the cap, scans for start codon, forms initiation complex

Question 20

Which of the following statements about colinearity is correct?

Accepted Answer

The sequence of nucleotides in DNA directly corresponds to the sequence of amino acids in a protein.

Transcription, Splicing, and Translation: Mechanisms and Regulation

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