Question 1

Which of the following statements correctly distinguishes between an aldehyde and a ketone?

Accepted Answer

Aldehydes have the carbonyl group attached to at least one hydrogen, while ketones have it attached to two carbons.

Question 2

What is the IUPAC name for the following compound: $$CH_3CH_2CH_2CHO$$?

Accepted Answer

Butanal

Question 3

Which test would you use to distinguish between an aldehyde and a ketone, and what is the expected result for an aldehyde?

Accepted Answer

Tollens' test; aldehyde gives a silver mirror

Question 4

Which of the following compounds can be oxidized to a carboxylic acid under mild conditions?

Accepted Answer

Butanal

Question 5

What is the product of the reduction of propanone ($$CH_3COCH_3) $$with hydrogen in the presence of a catalyst?

Accepted Answer

2-Propanol

Question 6

Which of the following best explains why carboxylic acids have higher boiling points than aldehydes and ketones of similar molar mass?

Accepted Answer

Carboxylic acids can form hydrogen bonds with themselves due to both a carbonyl and a hydroxyl group.

Question 7

Which of the following reactions is an example of esterification?

Accepted Answer

$$CH_3COOH + CH_3OH \xrightarrow{H^+,\ heat} CH_3COOCH_3 + H_2O$$

Question 8

A student mixes an unknown compound with Benedict's reagent and observes a red precipitate. Which functional group is most likely present?

Accepted Answer

Aldehyde

Question 9

Which of the following is the correct IUPAC name for the compound with the structure $$CH_3CH_2COOCH_2CH_3$$?

Accepted Answer

Ethyl propanoate

Question 10

What is the main product when ethanoic acid reacts with sodium hydroxide?

Accepted Answer

Sodium ethanoate and water

Question 11

Which of the following statements about esters is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

Esters are formed by the reaction of a carboxylic acid and an alcohol in acidic conditions.

Question 12

Which of the following best describes the process of saponification?

Accepted Answer

The base-catalyzed hydrolysis of an ester to form a carboxylate salt and an alcohol.

Question 13

A cyclic hemiacetal is most likely to form when:

Accepted Answer

A molecule contains both a carbonyl and a hydroxyl group on the same chain.

Question 14

Which of the following compounds will NOT give a positive result with Tollens' reagent?

Accepted Answer

Propanone

Question 15

What is the correct product of the acid hydrolysis of methyl ethanoate ($$CH_3COOCH_3$$)?

Accepted Answer

Methanol and ethanoic acid

Question 16

Which of the following best explains why esters have lower boiling points than carboxylic acids and alcohols of similar molar mass?

Accepted Answer

Esters cannot form hydrogen bonds with themselves.

Question 17

Which of the following is the correct IUPAC name for the compound $$CH_3COCH_2CH_3$$?

Accepted Answer

2-Butanone

Question 18

Which of the following is a correct statement about the oxidation of alcohols?

Accepted Answer

Primary alcohols can be oxidized to aldehydes and then to carboxylic acids.

Question 19

Which of the following is a real-world use of carboxylate salts?

Accepted Answer

They are used as preservatives and flavor enhancers in food.

CH 14+16 STUDY NOTES

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