Question 1

Which of the following best describes the empirical formula for most carbohydrates?

Accepted Answer

$$\mathrm{C}_n(\mathrm{H}_2\mathrm{O})_n$$

Question 2

Which of the following statements about glucose is CORRECT?

Accepted Answer

Glucose is a monosaccharide that serves as the primary energy source for the brain.

Question 3

Which reaction represents the overall process of cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

$$\mathrm{C}_6\mathrm{H}_{12}\mathrm{O}_6 + 6\mathrm{O}_2 \rightarrow 6\mathrm{CO}_2 + 6\mathrm{H}_2\mathrm{O}$$

Question 4

Which of the following is a structural isomer of glucose and contains a ketone functional group?

Accepted Answer

Fructose

Question 5

Which test is used to distinguish between aldoses and ketoses, and what is the expected result for glucose?

Accepted Answer

Benedict's test; glucose gives a red precipitate

Question 6

Which of the following statements about polysaccharides is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

Cellulose is composed of beta-1,4 linkages and cannot be digested by humans.

Question 7

A patient with lactose intolerance cannot digest lactose because they lack which enzyme, and what type of glycosidic linkage is present in lactose?

Accepted Answer

Lactase; beta-1,4 linkage

Question 8

Which of the following best explains why humans can digest starch but not cellulose?

Accepted Answer

Humans have enzymes that hydrolyze alpha-linkages but not beta-linkages.

Question 9

Which of the following is a correct description of the condensation reaction that forms a disaccharide?

Accepted Answer

A hydrogen atom from one monosaccharide and a hydroxyl group from another combine to form water, linking the sugars.

Question 10

Which of the following best describes the role of glycogen in animals?

Accepted Answer

It serves as a storage form of glucose in liver and muscle tissue.

Question 11

Which of the following pairs is correctly matched with their biological role?

Accepted Answer

Ribose – component of RNA

Question 12

Which of the following statements about high fructose corn syrup (HFCS) is supported by the study materials?

Accepted Answer

HFCS consumption has increased in parallel with obesity rates in the USA.

Question 13

Which of the following is a pentose sugar found in nucleic acids?

Accepted Answer

Ribose

Question 14

Which of the following best describes the difference between amylose and amylopectin?

Accepted Answer

Amylose is unbranched with only alpha-1,4 linkages, while amylopectin is branched with both alpha-1,4 and alpha-1,6 linkages.

Question 15

A food label lists 13g total carbohydrates, 3g dietary fiber, and 6g sugar alcohols per serving. What is the net carbohydrate content per serving?

Accepted Answer

4g

Question 16

Which of the following is a correct statement about the structure of sucrose?

Accepted Answer

Sucrose is a disaccharide formed from glucose and fructose via a condensation reaction.

Question 17

Which of the following best explains why grazing animals can digest cellulose but humans cannot?

Accepted Answer

Grazing animals have gut bacteria that produce cellulase, which breaks beta-1,4 linkages.

Question 18

Which of the following is a correct classification for fructose?

Accepted Answer

Ketose hexose

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the role of carbohydrates in living organisms?

Accepted Answer

They provide energy and serve as structural components.

Carbohydrates: Structure, Function, and Classification

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