Question 1

Which of the following best describes the difference between an aldose and a ketose monosaccharide?

Accepted Answer

An aldose contains an aldehyde group, while a ketose contains a ketone group.

Question 2

A monosaccharide with the formula $$C_5H_{10}O_5$ and a ketone functional group is classified as which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Ketopentose

Question 3

Which of the following statements about chiral carbon atoms is correct?

Accepted Answer

A chiral carbon is bonded to four different groups.

Question 4

Which of the following best explains why only one enantiomer of a drug is usually biologically active?

Accepted Answer

Enzymes and receptors are chiral and only fit one enantiomer.

Question 5

In a Fischer projection of a monosaccharide, the D or L configuration is determined by the position of the $$-OH$$ group on which carbon?

Accepted Answer

The chiral carbon farthest from the carbonyl group

Question 6

Which of the following is true about the Haworth structure of D-glucose?

Accepted Answer

It forms a six-membered ring by reaction of the carbonyl group with the hydroxyl on carbon 5.

Question 7

Which of the following reactions describes the oxidation of an aldose?

Accepted Answer

The aldehyde group is converted to a carboxylic acid group.

Question 8

Which of the following carbohydrates is NOT a reducing sugar?

Accepted Answer

Sucrose

Question 9

A patient’s urine sample turns Benedict’s reagent brick red. What does this most likely indicate?

Accepted Answer

A high level of reducing sugar, possibly glucose, indicating diabetes

Question 10

Which of the following best describes the glycosidic bond in maltose?

Accepted Answer

$$\alpha(1 \rightarrow 4)$$ bond between two glucose units

Question 11

Which of the following polysaccharides contains both $$\alpha(1 \rightarrow 4)$$ and $$\alpha(1 \rightarrow 6)$$ glycosidic bonds?

Accepted Answer

Amylopectin

Question 12

Which of the following statements about cellulose is correct?

Accepted Answer

It is a polymer of glucose with $$\beta(1 \rightarrow 4)$$ glycosidic bonds.

Question 13

Which of the following best explains why humans cannot digest cellulose?

Accepted Answer

Humans lack the enzyme to hydrolyze $$\beta(1 \rightarrow 4)$$ glycosidic bonds.

Question 14

Which of the following is a correct description of the reduction of D-glucose?

Accepted Answer

D-glucose is converted to D-sorbitol.

Question 15

Which of the following is a real-life application of sugar alcohols such as D-sorbitol?

Accepted Answer

Used as a sweetener in sugar-free gum and diet drinks

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the structure of glycogen?

Accepted Answer

A highly branched polymer of glucose with $$\alpha(1 \rightarrow 4)$$ and $$\alpha(1 \rightarrow 6)$$ bonds

Question 17

Which of the following is a correct statement about the blood types and their saccharide chains?

Accepted Answer

Type AB blood contains all the terminal monosaccharides found in types A and B.

Question 18

Which of the following best describes mutarotation in glucose?

Accepted Answer

The conversion between $$\alpha- $$and $$\beta-D-$$glucose in solution

Question 19

Which of the following is a correct description of the glycosidic bond in sucrose?

Accepted Answer

$$\alpha(1 \rightarrow 2)$$ bond between glucose and fructose

Carbohydrates: Structure, Properties, and Biological Significance

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