Q: Which equation is used to calculate the pH of a solution given the hydronium ion concentration?

$$\text{pH} = -\log_{10}[\text{H}_3\text{O}^+]$$

Q: Which of the following is a strong acid?

Hydrochloric acid ($$\text{HCl})$$

Question 1

A patient receives an IV solution that is hypotonic relative to their blood plasma. What is the most likely effect on their red blood cells?

Accepted Answer

The cells will swell and may burst due to water entering the cells.

Question 2

Which of the following statements best describes Boyle’s Law?

Accepted Answer

At constant temperature, the pressure of a gas is inversely proportional to its volume.

Question 3

A 2.0 L sample of gas at 1.0 atm is compressed to 0.5 L at constant temperature. What is the new pressure? Use Boyle’s Law: $$P_1V_1 = P_2V_2$$

Accepted Answer

$$4.0\ 	ext{atm}$$

Question 4

Which of the following is a Bronsted-Lowry acid?

Accepted Answer

HCl

Question 5

A solution contains 10 g NaCl dissolved in 90 g water. What is the mass/mass percent of NaCl in the solution?

Accepted Answer

$$11.1\%$$

Question 6

Which of the following best explains why NaCl dissolves in water but not in oil?

Accepted Answer

NaCl is polar and water is polar; oil is nonpolar.

Question 7

A buffer solution contains acetic acid and its conjugate base, acetate. If a small amount of strong acid is added, what happens to the pH?

Accepted Answer

The pH decreases slightly.

Question 8

Which equation is used to calculate the pH of a solution given the hydronium ion concentration?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{pH} = -\log_{10}[	ext{H}_3	ext{O}^+]$$

Question 9

A radioactive isotope has a half-life of 6 hours. If you start with 80 mg, how much remains after 18 hours?

Accepted Answer

$$10\ 	ext{mg}$$

Question 10

Which of the following is a strong acid?

Accepted Answer

Hydrochloric acid ($$	ext{HCl})$$

Question 11

A patient is hyperventilating. According to the buffer equation $$	ext{CO}_2 + 	ext{H}_2	ext{O} ightleftharpoons 	ext{H}_2	ext{CO}_3 ightleftharpoons 	ext{H}^+ + 	ext{HCO}_3^-$$, what happens to blood pH?

Accepted Answer

Blood pH increases (alkalosis).

Question 12

Which of the following is NOT a product of the reaction between hydrochloric acid and sodium hydroxide?

Accepted Answer

Hydrogen gas ($$	ext{H}_2)$$

Question 13

A 0.5 M NaCl solution is diluted to 0.1 M. If the final volume is 250 mL, what was the initial volume? Use $$C_1V_1 = C_2V_2.$$

Accepted Answer

$$50\ 	ext{mL}$$

Question 14

Which of the following is an example of a non-electrolyte?

Accepted Answer

Glucose

Question 15

Which law would you use to calculate the total pressure in a mixture of oxygen and nitrogen gases?

Accepted Answer

Dalton’s Law of Partial Pressures

Question 16

Which of the following is the correct formula for nitric acid?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{HNO}_3$$

Question 17

Which type of radiation is most penetrating and requires thick lead shielding?

Accepted Answer

Gamma radiation

Question 18

A gas occupies 3.0 L at 27°C. What will its volume be at 87°C at constant pressure? Use Charles’ Law: $$\frac{V_1$}{T_1$} = \frac{V_2$}{T_2$} ($$temperatures in K).

Accepted Answer

$$4.0\ 	ext{L}$$

Question 19

Which of the following is a conjugate base in the reaction $$	ext{NH}_3 + 	ext{H}_2	ext{O} ightarrow 	ext{NH}_4^+ + 	ext{OH}^-$$?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{OH}^-$$

CH107 Exam 2 Study Guide: Gases, Solutions, Acids & Bases, Nuclear Chemistry

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