Start: $$\text{AUG}$$; Stop: $$\text{UAA}$$, $$\text{UAG}$$, $$\text{UGA}$$

Question 1

Which of the following correctly describes the three components of a nucleotide?

Accepted Answer

A phosphate group, a pentose sugar, and a nitrogenous base

Question 2

Which of the following statements best explains the difference between nucleotides and nucleosides?

Accepted Answer

Nucleosides lack the phosphate group present in nucleotides

Question 3

In DNA, which base pairs are complementary, and how many hydrogen bonds are present in each pair?

Accepted Answer

Adenine-Thymine (2 bonds), Guanine-Cytosine (3 bonds)

Question 4

Given a DNA strand with the sequence 5'-ATCGGTA-3', what is the complementary DNA strand?

Accepted Answer

3'-TAGCCAT-5'

Question 5

If a DNA sample contains 30% adenine, what percentage of guanine is present?

Accepted Answer

20%

Question 6

During DNA replication, which enzyme unwinds the DNA double helix, and which enzyme adds nucleotides?

Accepted Answer

Helicase unwinds; DNA polymerase adds nucleotides

Question 7

Which mechanism ensures that daughter DNA strands are identical to the parent DNA during replication?

Accepted Answer

Complementary base pairing

Question 8

Which of the following is NOT a type of RNA and its function?

Accepted Answer

dRNA: decodes DNA in the nucleus

Question 9

What is the mRNA sequence transcribed from the DNA template 3'-TACGGA-5'?

Accepted Answer

5'-AUGCCU-3'

Question 10

Using a codon chart, which amino acid is encoded by the mRNA codon $$	ext{AUG}$$?

Accepted Answer

Methionine

Question 11

Which of the following is a start codon, and which are stop codons?

Accepted Answer

Start: $$	ext{AUG}$$; Stop: $$	ext{UAA}$$, $$	ext{UAG}$$, $$	ext{UGA}$$

Question 12

Translate the mRNA sequence 5'-AUG-GGC-UAA-3' into a peptide.

Accepted Answer

Methionine-Glycine

Question 13

Which type of DNA mutation does NOT change the amino acid sequence?

Accepted Answer

Silent mutation

Question 14

Why are insertion and deletion mutations generally more harmful than point mutations?

Accepted Answer

They cause frameshifts, altering the entire downstream amino acid sequence

Question 15

Which biomolecule is produced by bacteria containing recombinant DNA plasmids?

Accepted Answer

Proteins such as insulin

Question 16

What is the function of restriction enzymes in recombinant DNA technology?

Accepted Answer

They cut DNA at specific sequences, creating sticky ends

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the steps of PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction)?

Accepted Answer

Denaturation, annealing, extension

Question 18

Which statement about viruses and reverse transcription is correct?

Accepted Answer

Some viruses use reverse transcription to convert their RNA into DNA

Question 19

Is there scientific evidence that proves vaccination causes autism?

Accepted Answer

No, there is no scientific evidence supporting this claim

Chapter 17 Nucleic Acids and Genetics Study Guide – Step-by-Step Guidance

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