Q: A cell takes in 5 glucose molecules. How much ATP would be produced if aerobic respiration occurred? What if fermentation occurred instead?

Aerobic: $$5 \times 32 = 160$$ ATP; Fermentation: $$5 \times 2 = 10$$ ATP

Question 1

Refer to the graph 'Plant Carbon Dioxide at Different Light Intensities.' At which region of the graph is cell respiration the dominant process, and why?

Accepted Answer

At light intensities below 5,000 candelas, because the plant gives off more CO$$_2$$ than it takes in.

Question 2

Based on the 'Reactions of Photosynthesis' table, what should fill box 1 for the location of the light-dependent reactions?

Accepted Answer

Thylakoid membrane

Question 3

In the same table, what should fill box 2 for the reactants of the light-independent reactions?

Accepted Answer

CO$$_2$$, ATP, NADPH

Question 4

What is the product of the light-dependent reactions that should fill box 3 in the table?

Accepted Answer

O$$_2$$, ATP, NADPH

Question 5

In the experiment with sugar, yeast, and water, what is substance 'X' that accumulates in the tube after several hours?

Accepted Answer

CO$$_2 ($$carbon dioxide)

Question 6

Why does substance 'X' form in the yeast experiment shown in the image?

Accepted Answer

Yeast ferments sugar anaerobically, producing CO$$_2 as a $$byproduct.

Question 7

Which of the following best describes the energy conversion that occurs during photosynthesis?

Accepted Answer

Light energy is converted to chemical energy.

Question 8

Which molecule captures sunlight energy to initiate the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis?

Accepted Answer

Chlorophyll

Question 9

What is the main role of stomata in photosynthesis?

Accepted Answer

To allow the exchange of gases, specifically CO$$_2 in $$and O$$_2$$ out.

Question 10

Why are plants green, based on the visible light spectrum and pigment function?

Accepted Answer

Chlorophyll reflects green light and absorbs red and blue wavelengths.

Question 11

Which enzyme facilitates carbon dioxide fixation in the Calvin cycle?

Accepted Answer

RuBisCO

Question 12

Where within a chloroplast do the light-dependent reactions occur?

Accepted Answer

Thylakoid membrane

Question 13

Where within a chloroplast does the Calvin cycle occur?

Accepted Answer

Stroma

Question 14

Suppose a cell’s mitochondria are destroyed. What would be the most immediate effect on the cell?

Accepted Answer

The cell would be unable to efficiently produce ATP through aerobic respiration.

Question 15

A cell takes in 5 glucose molecules. How much ATP would be produced if aerobic respiration occurred? What if fermentation occurred instead?

Accepted Answer

Aerobic: $$5 	imes 32 = 160$$ ATP; Fermentation: $$5 	imes 2 = 10$$ ATP

Question 16

Which stage of aerobic respiration yields the highest amount of ATP?

Accepted Answer

Electron Transport Chain (ETC)

Question 17

Why is fermentation less efficient than aerobic respiration?

Accepted Answer

Fermentation produces much less ATP per glucose molecule because it does not use the electron transport chain.

Question 18

Which two stages of cell respiration involve substrate-level phosphorylation?

Accepted Answer

Glycolysis and Krebs Cycle

Question 19

Describe how the increase in H$$^+$$ concentration in the thylakoid space leads to ATP production.

Accepted Answer

The H$$^+$$ gradient drives ATP synthase to convert ADP and phosphate into ATP.

Question 20

Which molecule is the product of the Calvin cycle that is used to make glucose, fatty acids, or amino acids?

Accepted Answer

G3P (glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate)

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