$$\mathrm{C_6H_{12}O_6$} + \mathrm{O_2$} \xrightarrow{\text{glucose oxidase}} \mathrm{C_6H_{12}O_7$} + \mathrm{H_2O_2}$$

Question 1

Which functional group is directly involved in the leukocyte esterase test for diagnosing a urinary tract infection (UTI)?

Accepted Answer

Ester

Question 2

A patient’s urine sample shows a deep purple color after reacting with sodium nitroprusside. Which condition is most likely indicated by this result?

Accepted Answer

Diabetic ketoacidosis

Question 3

Which equation best represents the oxidation of glucose in the glucose urinalysis test?

Accepted Answer

$$\mathrm{C_6H_{12}O_6$} + \mathrm{O_2$} \xrightarrow{	ext{glucose oxidase}} \mathrm{C_6H_{12}O_7$} + \mathrm{H_2O_2}$$

Question 4

A urine sample has a specific gravity of 1.040. What does this most likely indicate about the patient?

Accepted Answer

The urine is concentrated, possibly due to dehydration.

Question 5

Which urinalysis result would most likely support a diagnosis of preeclampsia in a pregnant patient?

Accepted Answer

Excess protein and blue-green color on dipstick

Question 6

A patient’s urine sample tests positive for nitrites and leukocytes, and the pH is above 7. What is the most likely diagnosis?

Accepted Answer

Urinary tract infection (UTI)

Question 7

Which functional group reacts with an aromatic amine to produce a pink dye in the nitrite urinalysis test?

Accepted Answer

Nitrite

Question 8

A urine sample shows a yellow-green color on the specific gravity test strip. What does this indicate about the ionic concentration?

Accepted Answer

High ionic concentration

Question 9

Which of the following best describes metabolic alkalosis?

Accepted Answer

Blood pH greater than 7.5 due to excess bicarbonate

Question 10

A patient’s urine sample shows a positive Ehrlich reaction. Which compound is being detected?

Accepted Answer

Urobilinogen

Question 11

Which of the following is NOT a typical component of standard urine?

Accepted Answer

Glucose

Question 12

A urine sample shows a pinkish-tan color proportional to concentration. Which condition is most likely being screened?

Accepted Answer

Liver damage (bilirubin)

Question 13

Which reaction is responsible for the color change in the protein urinalysis test for preeclampsia?

Accepted Answer

Indicator donates a proton to albumin

Question 14

A patient’s urine sample is pale yellow, pH 6, specific gravity 1.010, and contains no glucose, ketones, or nitrites. What does this indicate?

Accepted Answer

Normal, healthy urine

Question 15

Which of the following would most likely cause metabolic acidosis?

Accepted Answer

Severe diarrhea causing loss of bicarbonate

Question 16

Blood in the urine (hematuria) is detected by which reaction?

Accepted Answer

Hemoglobin reacts with peroxide and dye

Question 17

A patient’s urine sample shows high levels of urobilinogen. What might this indicate?

Accepted Answer

The liver is not recycling urobilinogen back into bile

Question 18

Which of the following is a plausible cause for a low specific gravity measurement in urine?

Accepted Answer

Overhydration

Question 19

A patient with untreated diabetes is likely to have which combination of urinalysis results?

Accepted Answer

High glucose, presence of ketones, low pH

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the relationship between functional groups and urinalysis?

Accepted Answer

Functional groups react with test strip reagents to produce diagnostic color changes.

Urinalysis and Functional Group Chemistry: Clinical Applications in GOB Chemistry

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