Question 1

Which of the following best describes the sliding filament mechanism in muscle contraction?

Accepted Answer

Actin filaments slide past myosin filaments, shortening the sarcomere.

Question 2

During muscle contraction, which event directly follows the release of calcium ions from the sarcoplasmic reticulum?

Accepted Answer

Calcium binds to troponin, exposing binding sites on actin.

Question 3

Which equation best represents the relationship between pressure, volume, and gas in the lungs during inhalation?

Accepted Answer

$$P_1$$ $$V_1$$ = $$P_2$$ $$V_2$$

Question 4

A patient with emphysema has difficulty with gas exchange. Which structure is most affected?

Accepted Answer

Alveoli

Question 5

Which muscle group is primarily responsible for increasing thoracic volume during inspiration?

Accepted Answer

Diaphragm

Question 6

Which of the following best describes the function of peristalsis in the digestive system?

Accepted Answer

Wavelike muscle contractions move food through the digestive tract.

Question 7

Which equation is used to calculate Basal Metabolic Rate (BMR) in humans?

Accepted Answer

$$BMR = 70 	imes W$$^{0.75}$$

Question 8

Which accessory organ produces enzymes that aid in the digestion of carbohydrates, proteins, and fats?

Accepted Answer

Pancreas

Question 9

A person with a mutation in the gene coding for lactase is unable to digest lactose. This is an example of:

Accepted Answer

A phenotype resulting from a genotype

Question 10

Which of the following best describes homologous chromosomes?

Accepted Answer

Chromosomes that carry the same genes but may have different alleles

Question 11

In a Punnett Square, what is the probability of producing a homozygous recessive offspring from two heterozygous parents ($$Aa 	imes Aa$$)?

Accepted Answer

$$\frac{1}{4}$$

Question 12

Which law states that alleles for different traits segregate independently during gamete formation?

Accepted Answer

Law of Independent Assortment

Question 13

A person with blood type AB expresses both A and B antigens. This is an example of:

Accepted Answer

Codominance

Question 14

Which of the following best explains why some recessive disorders remain prevalent in populations?

Accepted Answer

Carriers do not express symptoms and can pass the allele to offspring.

Question 15

Which event during meiosis can lead to new combinations of alleles?

Accepted Answer

Crossing over between homologous chromosomes

Question 16

A child inherits a genetic disorder caused by a sex-linked gene. Which parent is most likely to pass this disorder to a son?

Accepted Answer

Mother

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the function of the sarcomere?

Accepted Answer

It is the basic contractile unit of muscle fibers.

Question 18

Which respiratory structure filters, warms, and humidifies air before it enters the lungs?

Accepted Answer

Nasal cavity

Question 19

Which type of muscle contraction results in a change in muscle length but constant tension?

Accepted Answer

Isotonic contraction

Question 20

A karyotype is used to:

Accepted Answer

Visualize the number and structure of chromosomes in a cell.

Human Biology Exam 2 Study Guide: Muscular, Respiratory, Digestive Systems & Genetics

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