Q: Which equation best represents basal metabolic rate (BMR) in terms of energy expenditure?

$$BMR = \frac{\text{Energy expended}}{\text{Time}}$$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the sliding filament mechanism in skeletal muscle contraction?

Accepted Answer

Actin filaments slide past myosin filaments, shortening the sarcomere.

Question 2

During muscle contraction, which sequence correctly represents the order of events after a nerve impulse initiates the process?

Accepted Answer

Release of acetylcholine → depolarization of sarcolemma → calcium release from sarcoplasmic reticulum → actin-myosin cross-bridge formation

Question 3

Which equation best represents the relationship between pressure, volume, and airflow in the lungs during inhalation?

Accepted Answer

$$P_1V_1 = P_2V_2$$

Question 4

Which muscle group is primarily responsible for increasing thoracic cavity volume during inspiration?

Accepted Answer

Diaphragm and external intercostal muscles

Question 5

A patient with cystic fibrosis has thick mucus in the respiratory tract. Which structure is most affected in the lower respiratory system?

Accepted Answer

Bronchi and bronchioles

Question 6

Which of the following best describes the function of the sarcomere in muscle contraction?

Accepted Answer

It is the basic contractile unit where actin and myosin interact to produce force.

Question 7

Which statement correctly distinguishes isotonic from isometric muscle contractions?

Accepted Answer

Isotonic contractions produce movement by changing muscle length, while isometric contractions generate force without changing muscle length.

Question 8

Which of the following best explains why breathing is essential for humans?

Accepted Answer

It provides oxygen for cellular respiration and removes carbon dioxide, maintaining acid-base balance.

Question 9

During digestion, why is a large surface area in the small intestine important?

Accepted Answer

It increases nutrient absorption by maximizing contact with digested food.

Question 10

Which equation best represents basal metabolic rate (BMR) in terms of energy expenditure?

Accepted Answer

$$BMR = \frac{	ext{Energy expended}}{	ext{Time}}$$

Question 11

Which accessory organ produces enzymes that aid in the digestion of carbohydrates, proteins, and fats?

Accepted Answer

Pancreas

Question 12

A person with lactose intolerance lacks which enzyme, and where is it produced?

Accepted Answer

Lactase, produced in the small intestine

Question 13

Which of the following best describes the Law of Segregation in genetics?

Accepted Answer

Each parent passes only one allele for each gene to their offspring during gamete formation.

Question 14

If a person has a genotype $$Aa$$ for a trait, which statement is true?

Accepted Answer

They are heterozygous for the trait.

Question 15

Which scenario best illustrates incomplete dominance?

Accepted Answer

A red flower and a white flower produce pink offspring.

Question 16

Which of the following is an example of codominance?

Accepted Answer

A person with blood type AB expresses both A and B antigens.

Question 17

Which equation represents the probability of two heterozygous parents ($$Aa) $$producing a homozygous recessive offspring ($$aa) $$using a Punnett Square?

Accepted Answer

$$P = \frac{1}{4}$$

Question 18

Which of the following best explains why some recessive disorders remain prevalent in human populations?

Accepted Answer

Carriers (heterozygotes) do not express the disorder and can pass the allele to offspring.

Question 19

Which event during meiosis can lead to new combinations of alleles?

Accepted Answer

Crossing over between homologous chromosomes

Question 20

A child inherits a sex-linked gene for color blindness from their mother. Which chromosome carries this gene?

Accepted Answer

X chromosome

Human Biology Exam 2 Study Guide: Muscular, Respiratory, Digestive Systems & Genetics

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