Question 1

Which of the following best describes the primary function of albumin in blood plasma?

Accepted Answer

It prevents water from diffusing out of blood vessels.

Question 2

A patient is diagnosed with polycythemia vera. Which of the following would you expect to find in their blood test results?

Accepted Answer

Abnormally high erythrocyte count

Question 3

Which of the following statements about erythrocytes is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

They are packed with hemoglobin and lack organelles.

Question 4

A person living at high altitude develops an increased hematocrit. What is the physiological advantage of this adaptation?

Accepted Answer

It enhances the blood's oxygen-carrying capacity.

Question 5

Which of the following is NOT a function of blood?

Accepted Answer

Producing hormones

Question 6

Which protein in blood plasma is primarily responsible for blood clotting?

Accepted Answer

Fibrinogen

Question 7

A patient with sickle cell disease has erythrocytes that distort into a sickle shape. What is the underlying cause of this condition?

Accepted Answer

A defective hemoglobin molecule

Question 8

Which of the following best explains why erythrocytes lack mitochondria?

Accepted Answer

To prevent them from consuming the oxygen they transport

Question 9

Which of the following is the correct order of abundance for leukocytes in normal human blood, from most to least abundant?

Accepted Answer

Neutrophils, Lymphocytes, Monocytes, Eosinophils, Basophils

Question 10

Which of the following statements about hematopoiesis is CORRECT?

Accepted Answer

All blood cells originate from a pluripotential hematopoietic stem cell.

Question 11

A patient is found to have a low hematocrit. Which of the following conditions is most likely present?

Accepted Answer

Anemia

Question 12

Which of the following best describes the function of neutrophils?

Accepted Answer

They phagocytize bacteria and are the first line of defense in inflammation.

Question 13

Which of the following statements about blood plasma is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

It contains ions, nutrients, wastes, and proteins.

Question 14

Which of the following is a function of eosinophils?

Accepted Answer

Digesting and destroying invading parasites

Question 15

A patient with leukemia is undergoing a hematopoietic cell transplant. Which of the following sources could be used for the transplant?

Accepted Answer

All of the above

Question 16

Which of the following best explains why blood is considered a specialized connective tissue?

Accepted Answer

It consists of cells surrounded by a nonliving matrix (plasma).

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the role of platelets (thrombocytes) in hemostasis?

Accepted Answer

They plug tears in blood vessels and help initiate clotting.

Question 18

Which of the following is a characteristic of lymphocytes?

Accepted Answer

They act against specific antigens and include T cells and B cells.

Question 19

Which of the following best explains the evolutionary adaptation seen in Tibetan populations living at high altitudes?

Accepted Answer

They have lower hemoglobin concentrations but higher ventilation rates and muscle capillary density.

Question 20

A multi-step problem: Calculate the approximate total number of erythrocytes in a healthy adult male, given the following data: average erythrocyte count is $$5.5 	imes 10^6$ cells/mm^3$ and average blood volume is 5.5 liters. (1 liter = 10^6$ mm^3$)

Accepted Answer

$$3.0 	imes 10$$^{13}$$ erythrocytes

Cardiovascular System: Blood – Structure, Composition, and Function

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