Question 1

Which of the following best describes the function of the tunica media in blood vessels?

Accepted Answer

It consists of smooth muscle that regulates vessel diameter through vasoconstriction and vasodilation.

Question 2

A patient presents with a bulging, weakened area in the wall of their abdominal aorta. What is the most likely diagnosis, and what is a major risk if this condition is left untreated?

Accepted Answer

Aneurysm; risk of acute rupture and fatal hemorrhage

Question 3

Which type of capillary is most likely to be found in the glomeruli of the kidneys, and what is its primary structural feature?

Accepted Answer

Fenestrated capillary; pores in the endothelium to allow high rates of exchange

Question 4

Which vessel carries oxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart?

Accepted Answer

Pulmonary vein

Question 5

A blood clot forms in the deep veins of the lower limb, causing swelling and redness. What is the most likely diagnosis?

Accepted Answer

Deep vein thrombosis

Question 6

Which of the following statements about arteries and veins is correct?

Accepted Answer

Veins contain valves to prevent backflow, especially in the limbs.

Question 7

During exercise, skeletal muscles contract and help move blood through veins. What is this mechanism called?

Accepted Answer

Muscle pump

Question 8

Which of the following best explains why the maximum arterial pressure is lower in the pulmonary circuit than in the systemic circuit?

Accepted Answer

The pulmonary circuit only supplies the lungs, which require less pressure for gas exchange.

Question 9

A patient has a blockage in the left anterior descending artery. Which area of the heart is most at risk for ischemia?

Accepted Answer

Left ventricle and interventricular septum

Question 10

Which of the following is a function of the hepatic portal system?

Accepted Answer

It transports nutrients absorbed from the digestive tract to the liver for processing.

Question 11

Which vessel is a direct continuation of the external iliac artery as it passes through the inguinal canal?

Accepted Answer

Femoral artery

Question 12

Which of the following best describes the role of precapillary sphincters?

Accepted Answer

They regulate the flow of blood into capillary beds.

Question 13

A patient has a blockage in the superior mesenteric artery. Which organ is most likely to be affected?

Accepted Answer

Small intestine

Question 14

Which of the following veins is commonly used for venipuncture (drawing blood) in the forearm?

Accepted Answer

Median cubital vein

Question 15

Which of the following arteries supplies blood to the gluteal muscles?

Accepted Answer

Superior gluteal artery

Question 16

Which of the following is a correct pathway for blood returning from the lower limb to the heart?

Accepted Answer

Femoral vein → external iliac vein → inferior vena cava → right atrium

Question 17

Which of the following best explains why varicose veins are more common in the lower limbs?

Accepted Answer

Gravity increases pressure in the veins, causing valves to fail and veins to dilate.

Question 18

Which of the following arteries is a branch of the aortic arch?

Accepted Answer

Brachiocephalic trunk

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the function of the vasa vasorum?

Accepted Answer

They supply blood to the outer layers of large arteries and veins.

Question 20

A patient has a blockage in the right internal carotid artery. Which area is most at risk for reduced blood supply?

Accepted Answer

Right cerebrum and orbits

Cardiovascular System: Blood Vessels – Structure and Function

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