$$\text{Na}^+ [\text{S}]^{2-} \text{Na}^+$$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the role of bonding theories in the development of AIDS drugs?

Accepted Answer

They predict how atoms bond together to form molecules, allowing researchers to simulate drug interactions with HIV-protease.

Question 2

Why is the active site of HIV-protease important in drug design?

Accepted Answer

It is the part of the molecule where drugs can bind and disable the enzyme, preventing HIV from replicating.

Question 3

Protease inhibitors are effective in treating HIV because they:

Accepted Answer

Bind to the active site of HIV-protease, preventing the virus from copying itself.

Question 4

Which statement about the outcome of protease inhibitor treatment in HIV-infected individuals is correct?

Accepted Answer

Viral counts can decrease to undetectable levels, but the drugs do not cure AIDS.

Question 5

Bonding theories are important in chemistry because they:

Accepted Answer

Predict which combinations of atoms form compounds and explain molecular shapes and properties.

Question 6

According to Lewis theory, what is the significance of the octet rule?

Accepted Answer

Atoms transfer or share electrons to obtain outer shells with eight electrons, achieving stability.

Question 7

Which of the following is a correct application of the Lewis theory to ionic bonding?

Accepted Answer

Electrons are transferred from a metal to a nonmetal, forming cations and anions.

Question 8

What is the correct Lewis structure for the ionic compound formed between sodium and sulfur?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{Na}^+ [	ext{S}]^{2-} 	ext{Na}^+$$

Question 9

When writing Lewis structures for covalent compounds, which guideline is correct?

Accepted Answer

Hydrogen atoms are always terminal and never central.

Question 10

How do you determine the total number of electrons for a polyatomic ion’s Lewis structure?

Accepted Answer

Sum the valence electrons of each atom and add one electron for each negative charge.

Question 11

Which molecule is an example of a double bond according to Lewis theory?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{O}_2$$

Question 12

What is the molecular geometry of $$	ext{CO}_2$$ according to VSEPR theory?

Accepted Answer

Linear, with a bond angle of $$180^\circ$$

Question 13

Which statement about resonance structures is correct?

Accepted Answer

Resonance structures represent molecules that cannot be described by a single Lewis structure.

Question 14

What is electronegativity?

Accepted Answer

The ability of an element to attract electrons within a covalent bond.

Question 15

Which type of bond is formed when two atoms have identical electronegativities?

Accepted Answer

Pure covalent bond

Question 16

Why do oil and water not mix?

Accepted Answer

Water molecules are polar and oil molecules are nonpolar, causing them to separate into distinct regions.

Question 17

How does soap help remove grease from hands?

Accepted Answer

Soap molecules have a polar head that attracts water and a nonpolar tail that attracts grease, allowing them to mix.

Question 18

Which of the following molecules is polar?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{H}_2	ext{O}$$

Question 19

What is the effect of lone pairs on the central atom in determining molecular geometry?

Accepted Answer

Lone pairs cause bond angles to be smaller than the ideal geometry.

Question 20

Which statement best explains why artificial sweeteners taste sweet but have few or no calories?

Accepted Answer

They fit into the taste receptor’s active site but are not metabolized or release little energy when metabolized.

Chemical Bonding: Models, Applications, and Drug Design

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