Question 1

Which of the following best explains why noble gases are generally unreactive?

Accepted Answer

They have a full octet of electrons in their outermost shell.

Question 2

What is the correct Lewis dot symbol for phosphorus?

Accepted Answer

$$\mathrm{P} \cdot \cdot \cdot \cdot \cdot$$

Question 3

When sodium reacts with chlorine to form sodium chloride, what type of bond is formed and why?

Accepted Answer

An ionic bond, because sodium loses an electron and chlorine gains an electron, resulting in oppositely charged ions.

Question 4

According to the octet rule, how do metals and nonmetals typically achieve stable electron configurations?

Accepted Answer

Metals lose electrons to form cations; nonmetals gain electrons to form anions.

Question 5

What is the correct formula for the compound formed by the reaction of sodium and sulfur?

Accepted Answer

$$\mathrm{Na}_2\mathrm{S}$$

Question 6

Which of the following is the correct name for $$\mathrm{FeCl}_3$$?

Accepted Answer

Iron(III) chloride

Question 7

What is the systematic name for $$\mathrm{N}_2\mathrm{O}_5$$?

Accepted Answer

Dinitrogen pentoxide

Question 8

Which of the following statements about covalent bonds is correct?

Accepted Answer

Covalent bonds involve the sharing of electron pairs between atoms.

Question 9

Given the electronegativity values: H = 2.1, Cl = 3.0, what type of bond is present in HCl?

Accepted Answer

Polar covalent

Question 10

Which of the following compounds contains a polyatomic ion?

Accepted Answer

$$\mathrm{Ca(NO_3$)_2}$$

Question 11

What is the correct formula for ammonium sulfate?

Accepted Answer

$$\mathrm{(NH_4$)_2SO_4}$$

Question 12

Which of the following best describes a free radical?

Accepted Answer

A molecule with an unpaired electron

Question 13

According to VSEPR theory, what is the shape of a molecule with four electron sets around the central atom?

Accepted Answer

Tetrahedral

Question 14

Which of the following is a requirement for a molecule to be polar?

Accepted Answer

It must have polar bonds and an asymmetric arrangement of those bonds.

Question 15

What is the correct name for $$\mathrm{P_2O_3}$$?

Accepted Answer

Diphosphorus trioxide

Question 16

Which of the following is the correct formula for potassium phosphate?

Accepted Answer

$$\mathrm{K_3PO_4}$$

Question 17

A molecule of $$\mathrm{CO_2$} is $$nonpolar even though it contains polar bonds. Why?

Accepted Answer

The molecule is linear and the bond dipoles cancel each other out.

Question 18

Which of the following is the correct name for $$\mathrm{NaCN}$$?

Accepted Answer

Sodium cyanide

Question 19

What is the correct formula for calcium carbonate?

Accepted Answer

$$\mathrm{$$CaCO_3$$}$$

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the process of sketching a Lewis structure for a molecule?

Accepted Answer

Count valence electrons, sketch a skeletal structure, place lone pairs to fulfill the octet rule, subtract used electrons, and form double/triple bonds if needed.

Chemical Bonds: Structure, Types, and Properties

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