Q: Which of the following equations correctly represents the calculation for Body Mass Index (BMI) in imperial units?

$$\mathrm{BMI = \frac{705 \times body\ weight\ (lb)}{[height\ (in)]^2}}$$

Question 1

Which of the following statements best explains why vitamins are considered essential nutrients?

Accepted Answer

Vitamins are organic substances that the human body needs but cannot manufacture.

Question 2

A patient presents with swollen and discolored tongue, skin lesions, and diarrhea. Which vitamin deficiency is most likely responsible for these symptoms?

Accepted Answer

Vitamin B3 (Niacin)

Question 3

Which mineral is added to table salt to prevent thyroid goiters, and what is the chemical form used?

Accepted Answer

Iodine, $$\mathrm{I^-}$$

Question 4

Which of the following best describes the role of creatine in muscle contraction?

Accepted Answer

Creatine stimulates the production of myosin, thus building muscle tissue.

Question 5

A person with a diet lacking in vitamin D2 (calciferol) is most at risk for developing which condition?

Accepted Answer

Rickets

Question 6

Which of the following equations correctly represents the calculation for Body Mass Index (BMI) in imperial units?

Accepted Answer

$$\mathrm{BMI = \frac{705 	imes body\ weight\ (lb)}{[height\ (in)]^2}}$$

Question 7

Which of the following is a water-soluble vitamin that prevents scurvy and promotes wound healing?

Accepted Answer

Vitamin C (Ascorbic acid)

Question 8

Which of the following best describes the difference between slow-twitch (Type I) and fast-twitch (Type IIB) muscle fibers?

Accepted Answer

Type I fibers are red, have high myoglobin levels, and are used for aerobic activity.

Question 9

Which of the following artificial sweeteners is the sweetest relative to sucrose?

Accepted Answer

Neotame

Question 10

A food additive is used to cure meats and gives them a pink color, but can form carcinogenic nitrosamines in the stomach. What is this additive?

Accepted Answer

Sodium nitrate ($$\mathrm{$$NaNO_2$$})$$

Question 11

Which of the following best explains why dietary fiber is important for health?

Accepted Answer

Fiber helps maintain proper colon function and may help control blood sugar and lower cholesterol levels.

Question 12

Which peptide hormone is produced in the stomach and acts as an appetite stimulant?

Accepted Answer

Ghrelin

Question 13

During anaerobic exercise, what happens to pyruvic acid in muscle tissue?

Accepted Answer

It is converted to lactic acid, leading to muscle fatigue.

Question 14

Which of the following is a function of vitamin E (α-tocopherol) in the body?

Accepted Answer

Acts as an antioxidant and has been used to treat cardiovascular problems

Question 15

A person loses 4% of their body weight as sweat during a marathon. According to the study materials, what physiological effect is most likely to occur?

Accepted Answer

Muscular work capacity declines

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the main function of antioxidants such as BHA and BHT in food?

Accepted Answer

They prevent the formation of free radicals, thus preventing rancidity.

Question 17

Which of the following is a trace element essential to life and is required for the formation of hemoglobin?

Accepted Answer

Iron ($$\mathrm{Fe$$^{2+}$$})$$

Question 18

Which of the following best explains why crash diets often result in rapid weight regain?

Accepted Answer

Crash diets cause water loss, not fat loss, so weight returns when the body is rehydrated.

Question 19

Which of the following is the best strategy for healthy weight loss according to the study materials?

Accepted Answer

A nutritious, low-calorie diet combined with consistent exercise

Question 20

Which of the following equations correctly estimates VO2 max from percent maximum heart rate (%MHR)?

Accepted Answer

$$\mathrm{VO_2$\ max = 0.64 	imes %MHR + 7}$$

Chemistry of Nutrition, Fitness, and Health: Essential Concepts for Introductory Chemistry

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