Question 1

Which of the following best explains why glass is considered an amorphous solid, unlike other silicates such as quartz?

Accepted Answer

Glass lacks a long-range ordered structure, while quartz has a well-defined crystalline lattice.

Question 2

Which of the following is the most abundant element in Earth's crust?

Accepted Answer

Oxygen

Question 3

Bauxite is the principal ore of which metal, and what is the main process used to extract it?

Accepted Answer

Aluminum; extracted by the Hall-Héroult process

Question 4

A temperature inversion in the atmosphere can lead to which of the following effects in urban environments?

Accepted Answer

Trapping of pollutants near the ground, worsening air quality

Question 5

Which of the following pollutants is primarily responsible for acid rain formation?

Accepted Answer

Sulfur dioxide ($$\mathrm{SO_2$})$$

Question 6

Which chemical reaction best represents the destruction of ozone by chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) in the stratosphere?

Accepted Answer

$$\mathrm{Cl + O_3$ \rightarrow ClO + O_2$}$$

Question 7

Which of the following is NOT a strategy for reducing atmospheric $$\mathrm{CO_2$}$$ levels?

Accepted Answer

Increasing fossil fuel combustion

Question 8

Which property of water is primarily responsible for its high boiling point compared to other group 16 hydrides?

Accepted Answer

Its ability to form hydrogen bonds

Question 9

Which of the following is a common groundwater contaminant resulting from agricultural activities?

Accepted Answer

Nitrates ($$\mathrm{NO_3$^-})$$

Question 10

Which step in municipal water treatment is primarily responsible for removing dissolved organic compounds and nutrients such as phosphates?

Accepted Answer

Tertiary treatment

Question 11

Which law states that energy cannot be created or destroyed, only transformed from one form to another?

Accepted Answer

First law of thermodynamics

Question 12

Which of the following is a disadvantage of using coal as a primary energy source?

Accepted Answer

It produces large amounts of $$\mathrm{CO_2$}$$ and sulfur oxides when burned.

Question 13

Which of the following is a characteristic advantage of nuclear energy compared to fossil fuels?

Accepted Answer

It generates electricity with minimal air pollution.

Question 14

Which principle of green chemistry is best illustrated by developing catalysts that increase the efficiency of energy generation?

Accepted Answer

Design for energy efficiency

Question 15

Which of the following is the primary source of energy for plants?

Accepted Answer

Sunlight

Question 16

Which of the following statements about dietary lipids is correct?

Accepted Answer

Saturated fats contain only single bonds between carbon atoms.

Question 17

Which process describes how amino acids are joined to form proteins?

Accepted Answer

Peptide bond formation (condensation reaction)

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the function of enzymes in biological systems?

Accepted Answer

They serve as catalysts, speeding up chemical reactions without being consumed.

Question 19

Which of the following best describes recombinant DNA technology?

Accepted Answer

It involves combining DNA from different organisms to produce new genetic combinations.

Question 20

Which of the following is a major use of water in modern society?

Accepted Answer

For irrigation in agriculture

Exam 3 Review: Environmental and Biochemical Chemistry

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