Question 1

Which of the following best explains why solids have a definite shape while gases do not?

Accepted Answer

The particles in a solid are fixed in position and only vibrate, while gas particles move randomly and rapidly.

Question 2

A sample of gas is compressed from 4.00 L to 2.00 L at constant temperature. According to Boyle’s Law, what happens to the pressure?

Accepted Answer

The pressure doubles.

Question 3

Which of the following substances would you expect to have the highest boiling point, and why?

Accepted Answer

NaCl, because it has strong ionic bonds.

Question 4

Which process describes the direct change from a solid to a gas?

Accepted Answer

Sublimation

Question 5

A 2.00 L balloon at 27 °C is placed in a sauna at 47 °C. Assuming constant pressure, what is the new volume of the balloon? Use Charles’s Law: $$\frac{V_1$}{T_1$} = \frac{V_2$}{T_2$} ($$temperatures in Kelvin).

Accepted Answer

2.13 L

Question 6

Which of the following best describes a hydrogen bond?

Accepted Answer

An attraction between a hydrogen atom bonded to N, O, or F and another electronegative atom.

Question 7

Which statement about the kinetic–molecular theory of gases is correct?

Accepted Answer

Gas particles are in rapid, constant motion and collisions are perfectly elastic.

Question 8

A 1.00 mol sample of N$$_2$$ gas occupies what volume at STP? (Standard Temperature = 0 °C, Standard Pressure = 1 atm)

Accepted Answer

22.4 L

Question 9

Which intermolecular force is present in all substances, but is the only force in nonpolar molecules?

Accepted Answer

Dispersion (London) forces

Question 10

A gas is enclosed in a cylinder at 2.00 L and 0.524 atm. If the pressure is increased to 5.15 atm at constant temperature, what is the new volume? Use Boyle’s Law: $$P_1V_1 = P_2V_2.$$

Accepted Answer

0.204 L

Question 11

Which of the following best explains the phrase 'like dissolves like'?

Accepted Answer

Substances with similar intermolecular forces are more likely to form solutions.

Question 12

Which of the following is NOT a postulate of the kinetic–molecular theory of gases?

Accepted Answer

Gas particles are strongly attracted to each other.

Question 13

Which of the following is the correct form of the combined gas law?

Accepted Answer

$$\frac{P_1V_1}{T_1$} = \frac{P_2V_2}{T_2$}$$

Question 14

A 50.0 L balloon is filled at 6.89 atm and 3 °C. It rises to the surface where the pressure is 0.988 atm and the temperature is 22 °C. What is the new volume? Use the combined gas law: $$\frac{P_1V_1}{T_1$} = \frac{P_2V_2}{T_2$} ($$temperatures in Kelvin).

Accepted Answer

360 L

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the relationship between volume and temperature for a gas at constant pressure?

Accepted Answer

Volume is directly proportional to absolute temperature.

Question 16

Which of the following is the correct form of the ideal gas law?

Accepted Answer

$$PV = nRT$$

Question 17

Which of the following mixtures is most likely to form a solution based on intermolecular forces?

Accepted Answer

Ethanol and water, because both are polar and can hydrogen bond.

Question 18

Which of the following statements about dispersion forces is correct?

Accepted Answer

Dispersion forces increase with increasing molecular weight.

Question 19

Calculate the density of nitrogen gas (N$$_2) at $$STP. (Molar mass of N$$_2 = 28.0 g/$$mol, 1 mol occupies 22.4 L at STP.)

Accepted Answer

1.25 g/L

Gases, Liquids, Solids, and Intermolecular Forces: Study Notes

Guida di studio - Domande di pratica

Study guide - Flashcard