Q: Which of the following best describes the process of risk-benefit analysis in science and technology?

Estimating the desirability quotient ($$DQ = \frac{\text{Benefits}}{\text{Risks}}) to $$weigh the advantages and disadvantages of a technology.

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the difference between mass and weight?

Accepted Answer

Mass is the amount of matter in an object, while weight is the gravitational force acting on that mass.

Question 2

A bowling ball has a mass of 8.00 kg. On Earth, it weighs 17.64 pounds, but on the Moon, it weighs only 2.91 pounds. What does this example illustrate?

Accepted Answer

Weight depends on the gravitational force, while mass remains constant.

Question 3

Which of the following is a chemical property?

Accepted Answer

Iron rusts when exposed to oxygen.

Question 4

Which of the following is an example of applied research in chemistry?

Accepted Answer

Developing new products from peanuts to solve agricultural problems.

Question 5

A cube of gold has a mass of 19.3 g and a volume of 1.00 cm$$^3. $$What is its density?

Accepted Answer

$$19.3\ \mathrm{g/cm^3$}$$

Question 6

Which of the following best describes a scientific theory?

Accepted Answer

A set of tested hypotheses that explains natural phenomena and is always tentative.

Question 7

Which of the following is the correct SI base unit for measuring temperature?

Accepted Answer

kelvin ($$K)$$

Question 8

A sample of liquid nitrogen boils at 77 K. What is this temperature in degrees Celsius?

Accepted Answer

$$-196\ ^\circ \mathrm{C}$$

Question 9

Which of the following is an example of a homogeneous mixture?

Accepted Answer

Saltwater

Question 10

Which of the following statements about green chemistry is correct?

Accepted Answer

Green chemistry aims to prevent or reduce pollution at its source.

Question 11

A metal piece has a density of $$19.3\ \mathrm{g/cm^3$}$$ and a volume of $$2.0\ \mathrm{cm^3$}. $$What is its mass?

Accepted Answer

$$38.6\ \mathrm{g}$$

Question 12

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of science?

Accepted Answer

Dogmatic

Question 13

Which of the following is the correct formula for converting Celsius to Kelvin?

Accepted Answer

$$K = ^\circ C + 273$$

Question 14

Which of the following is an example of a physical property?

Accepted Answer

Water boils at $$100\ ^\circ \mathrm{C}.$$

Question 15

A student measures the length of a flash disk as $$2.45 \pm 0.01 cm. $$What does the $$\pm 0.01 cm $$represent?

Accepted Answer

The uncertainty in the measurement.

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the process of risk-benefit analysis in science and technology?

Accepted Answer

Estimating the desirability quotient ($$DQ = \frac{	ext{Benefits}}{	ext{Risks}}) to $$weigh the advantages and disadvantages of a technology.

Question 17

Which of the following is an example of a scientific model?

Accepted Answer

A diagram showing the arrangement of water molecules in ice.

Question 18

Which of the following is a limitation of science?

Accepted Answer

Science is limited to studying observable phenomena and processes where variables can be controlled.

Question 19

Which of the following is the correct conversion factor to use when converting 3.6 x $$10^5$$ meters to kilometers?

Accepted Answer

$$1\ \mathrm{km} = 10^3$\ \mathrm{m}$$

Question 20

Which of the following is an example of basic research?

Accepted Answer

Studying nuclear spin without any immediate application.

Introduction to Chemistry: Foundations, Measurement, and Matter

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