Question 1

Which of the following best describes an isotope?

Accepted Answer

Atoms of the same element with different numbers of neutrons

Question 2

Which type of radiation consists of two protons and two neutrons and is represented by $$ ^4_2\mathrm{He} $$?

Accepted Answer

Alpha particle

Question 3

A radioisotope used in thyroid scans is iodine-131. What is the atomic number and mass number of this isotope?

Accepted Answer

Atomic number 53, mass number 131

Question 4

Which of the following nuclear equations correctly represents the alpha decay of $$ ^{252}_{99}\mathrm{Es} $$?

Accepted Answer

$$ ^{252}_{99}\mathrm{Es} \$$rightarrow ^{248}$$_{97}\mathrm{Bk} + ^4$_2\mathrm{He} $$

Question 5

Which type of radiation is pure energy and has no mass or charge?

Accepted Answer

Gamma ray

Question 6

A patient weighing 70 kg is prescribed a dose of 20 μCi/kg of Tc-99m for a scan. How many mCi should be administered? (1 mCi = 1000 μCi)

Accepted Answer

1.4 mCi

Question 7

Which of the following is a real-world application of positron emission?

Accepted Answer

Positron Emission Tomography (PET)

Question 8

What is the balanced nuclear equation for the beta decay of $$ ^{59}_{26}\mathrm{Fe} $$?

Accepted Answer

$$ ^{59}_{26}\mathrm{Fe} \$$rightarrow ^{59}$$_{27}\mathrm{Co} + ^0$_{-1}\mathrm{e} $$

Question 9

If a sample of sodium-24 with an activity of 12 mCi is used and the half-life is 15 hours, what is the activity after 2.5 days?

Accepted Answer

1.5 mCi

Question 10

Which of the following statements about nuclear fission is correct?

Accepted Answer

It involves the splitting of a heavy nucleus into smaller nuclei, releasing large amounts of energy.

Question 11

A person receives 50 mrad of gamma radiation. What is this amount in grays (Gy)? (1 rad = 1000 mrad, 100 rad = 1 Gy)

Accepted Answer

$$0.0005 Gy$$

Question 12

Which shielding material is most effective for blocking gamma radiation?

Accepted Answer

Lead

Question 13

Which of the following is a correct balanced equation for the fission of $$ ^{235}_{92}\mathrm{U} $$ when bombarded with a neutron to produce $$ ^{94}_{38}\mathrm{Sr} $$, three neutrons, and another product?

Accepted Answer

$$ ^{235}_{92}\mathrm{U} + ^1$_0\mathrm{n} \$$rightarrow ^{94}$$_{38}\mathrm{Sr} $$+ ^{139}$$_{54}\mathrm{Xe} + 3 ^1$_0\mathrm{n} $$

Question 14

Which of the following is a real-world consequence of exposure to high doses of ionizing radiation, such as after the Chernobyl disaster?

Accepted Answer

Increased risk of acute radiation sickness and cancer

Question 15

What is the equivalent dose in mrems for a person who receives 50 mrad of gamma radiation? (1 rad = 1000 mrad, 1 rem = 1 rad, 1 rem = 1000 mrem)

Accepted Answer

50 mrem

Question 16

Which of the following best describes nuclear fusion?

Accepted Answer

The combination of two light nuclei to form a heavier nucleus, releasing energy

Question 17

A vial contains radioactive I-131 with an activity of 2.0 mCi/mL. If a thyroid test requires 3.0 mCi, how many mL are needed?

Accepted Answer

1.5 mL

Question 18

Which of the following is a correct balanced equation for the positron emission of $$ ^{40}_{19}\mathrm{K} $$?

Accepted Answer

$$ ^{40}_{19}\mathrm{K} \$$rightarrow ^{40}$$_{18}\mathrm{Ar} + ^0$_{+1}\mathrm{e} $$

Nuclear Radiation: Introductory Chemistry Study Guide

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Study guide - Flashcard