Q: Which equation best represents the Nernst equation for calculating the equilibrium potential of an ion across a membrane?

$$E = \frac{RT}{zF} \ln \left( \frac{[\text{ion}]_{\text{outside}}}{[\text{ion}]_{\text{inside}}} \right)$$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the primary contributors to the resting membrane potential in neurons?

Accepted Answer

The sodium-potassium pump, ion channels, and selective permeability of the cell membrane.

Question 2

A neuron receives a stimulus that is just strong enough to trigger an action potential. Which principle explains why the action potential generated is always the same size, regardless of stimulus strength?

Accepted Answer

All-or-none principle

Question 3

During the absolute refractory period, which of the following is TRUE about the neuron's ability to generate another action potential?

Accepted Answer

No stimulus, regardless of strength, can generate another action potential.

Question 4

Which equation best represents the Nernst equation for calculating the equilibrium potential of an ion across a membrane?

Accepted Answer

$$E = \frac{RT}{zF} \ln \left( \frac{[	ext{ion}]_{	ext{outside}}}{[	ext{ion}]_{	ext{inside}}} ight)$$

Question 5

A patient is experiencing pain from a heart attack. Which type of pain is this most likely classified as?

Accepted Answer

Referred pain

Question 6

Which of the following best explains why graded potentials can vary in magnitude, while action potentials do not?

Accepted Answer

Graded potentials depend on the strength and duration of the stimulus, while action potentials follow the all-or-none principle.

Question 7

Which of the following is TRUE about hyperpolarization in neurons?

Accepted Answer

It is caused by prolonged opening of chloride channels, making the neuron less likely to fire.

Question 8

Which type of receptor is most likely to adapt slowly to a continuous stimulus, such as the sensation of pressure from wearing a watch?

Accepted Answer

Tonic receptor

Question 9

Which cranial nerve is responsible for purely sensory input, such as vision?

Accepted Answer

Optic nerve

Question 10

A person enters a dark room and, after a few minutes, begins to see better. Which type of receptor adaptation is responsible for this change?

Accepted Answer

Phasic adaptation

Question 11

Which of the following best describes the role of pacemaker cells in cardiac muscle?

Accepted Answer

They spontaneously generate action potentials without external input.

Question 12

Which of the following is a correct statement about the function of the somatosensory cortex?

Accepted Answer

It allocates more space to the upper lip, eyes, and hands, reflecting their sensory importance.

Question 13

Which of the following best explains the concept of referred pain?

Accepted Answer

Pain that is felt in a location different from its source due to shared neural pathways.

Question 14

Which of the following is TRUE about the role of free nerve endings?

Accepted Answer

They detect both temperature and pain.

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the function of the cerebellum?

Accepted Answer

It coordinates voluntary movements and maintains balance.

Question 16

Which of the following is a correct statement about the permeability of the neuronal membrane during the resting state?

Accepted Answer

The membrane is more permeable to potassium ions than sodium ions.

Question 17

A patient is unable to track moving objects with their eyes. Which brain structure is most likely affected?

Accepted Answer

Cerebellum

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the effect of the relative refractory period on neuronal firing?

Accepted Answer

A neuron can fire another action potential only if the stimulus is stronger than normal.

Question 19

Which of the following is TRUE about the role of erythrocytes in the body?

Accepted Answer

They transport oxygen from the lungs to tissues.

Resting Membrane Potential and Neural Signaling: Key Concepts

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