Q: Given the following data for Q2 2025: Nominal GDP = $$30 trillion, Real GDP = 24 $$trillion. What is the GDP deflator for this period?

$$GDP\ Deflator = \frac{Nominal\ GDP}{Real\ GDP} \times 100 = \frac{30}{24} \times 100 = 125$$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the difference between nominal GDP and real GDP?

Accepted Answer

Nominal GDP is measured in current dollars, while real GDP is adjusted for inflation using chained dollars.

Question 2

Given the following data for Q2 2025: Nominal GDP = $$30 trillion, Real GDP = 24 $$trillion. What is the GDP deflator for this period?

Accepted Answer

$$GDP\ Deflator = \frac{Nominal\ GDP}{Real\ GDP} 	imes 100 = \frac{30}{24} 	imes 100 = 125$$

Question 3

During the COVID-19 recession (Q1–Q2 2020), which of the following occurred according to the study materials?

Accepted Answer

Both nominal and real GDP fell (annualized).

Question 4

If consumption is weak and inventories fall sharply, what is the likely impact on GDP growth?

Accepted Answer

GDP growth will likely decrease, as both consumption and inventories contribute negatively.

Question 5

Which component contributed the most to Q2 2025 GDP growth according to the data?

Accepted Answer

Net exports (Exports - Imports)

Question 6

Why do imports not 'subtract' from GDP growth, according to the study materials?

Accepted Answer

Subtracting imports is a neutral adjustment to avoid overstating domestic output.

Question 7

Suppose the U.S. bans imports of a good that is identical to what is produced domestically. What is the likely effect on U.S. GDP?

Accepted Answer

U.S. GDP may rise modestly, but not by the full amount of lost imports, as prices may increase.

Question 8

If the GDP deflator increases from 120 to 130 over a year, what does this indicate?

Accepted Answer

There has been inflation; overall price levels have risen.

Question 9

Which of the following is NOT a direct component of GDP in the expenditure approach?

Accepted Answer

Imports

Question 10

Given the following contributions to Q2 2025 GDP growth: Consumption = 1.07 pp, Residential Investment = -0.19 pp, Non-residential Investment = -0.78 pp, Inventories = -3.29 pp, Government Spending = -0.05 pp, Net Exports = 4.95 pp. What is the total GDP growth for the period?

Accepted Answer

$$Total = 1.07 + (-0.19) + (-0.78) + (-3.29) + (-0.05) + 4.95 = 3.29$$

Question 11

Which of the following best explains why high interest rates can suppress residential investment?

Accepted Answer

High interest rates make mortgage borrowing costly, reducing housing activity.

Question 12

If exports fall slightly and imports fall dramatically, what is the likely effect on net exports and GDP growth?

Accepted Answer

Net exports will increase, boosting GDP growth.

Question 13

Which of the following is a key principle regarding trade restrictions and inflation?

Accepted Answer

Trade restrictions reduce consumer options and tend to raise prices, leading to higher inflation.

Question 14

The Atlanta Fed's GDPNow model provides real-time estimates of GDP growth. If the initial Q3 estimate is 2.5% and the updated estimate is 3.5%, what does this change likely reflect?

Accepted Answer

Incorporation of new data, such as improved investment or consumption figures.

Question 15

Why is it important to use annualized rates when comparing quarterly GDP growth figures?

Accepted Answer

Annualized rates allow for direct comparison across quarters by multiplying the quarterly growth by four.

Question 16

If the GDP deflator for a given year is 110 and nominal GDP is $22 trillion, what is real GDP?

Accepted Answer

$$Real\ GDP = \frac{Nominal\ GDP}{GDP\ Deflator} 	imes 100 = \frac{22}{110} 	imes 100 = 20$$

Question 17

Which of the following is a reason why accurate GDP forecasts are valuable for policymakers?

Accepted Answer

They help allocate resources more efficiently.

Question 18

If inventories are expected to turn positive later in the year, what does this suggest about future GDP growth?

Accepted Answer

Future GDP growth may be boosted as inventory accumulation contributes positively.

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the effect of government spending on GDP growth in Q2 2025?

Accepted Answer

Government spending was essentially flat, with a slightly negative contribution.

Question 20

If a country’s real GDP growth is below its historical average, what might this indicate about its economic performance?

Accepted Answer

The economy is underperforming relative to its historical benchmark.

Macroeconomics Study Guide: GDP, Growth Drivers, and Forecasting

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