Question 1

Which structure in a cell is responsible for producing energy and is often referred to as the 'powerhouse' of the cell?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondrion

Question 2

A DNA molecule is composed of two strands forming a double helix. What are the repeating units along these strands called?

Accepted Answer

Nucleotides

Question 3

Based on the diagram showing causes of cancer, which of the following is NOT a carcinogen?

Accepted Answer

Viruses

Question 4

According to the cancer diagnosis rate graph, which age group has the highest rate of cancer diagnosis per 100,000 people?

Accepted Answer

85+

Question 5

The image of a cervix with abnormal red areas is most likely showing which medical condition?

Accepted Answer

Cervical dysplasia

Question 6

The cancer cell image with many cytoplasmic projections illustrates which characteristic of cancer cells?

Accepted Answer

Invasive growth

Question 7

A CT scan showing multiple areas of cancer in the liver is an example of which process?

Accepted Answer

Metastasis

Question 8

The presence of a Reed-Sternberg cell in a lymph node biopsy is diagnostic for which type of cancer?

Accepted Answer

Hodgkin lymphoma

Question 9

A mammogram showing a dense, irregular mass in the breast is most likely indicative of which type of cancer?

Accepted Answer

Adenocarcinoma

Question 10

The autopsy image of a liver with a large yellowish tumor is most likely showing which type of cancer?

Accepted Answer

Hepatocellular carcinoma

Question 11

An MRI scan showing a large mass in the brain is most likely used to diagnose which type of cancer?

Accepted Answer

Astrocytoma

Question 12

The skin image with multiple irregularly shaped tumors is characteristic of which cancer, often seen in patients with AIDS?

Accepted Answer

Kaposi sarcoma

Question 13

The bone image showing a tumor at the distal end of the femur is most likely which type of cancer?

Accepted Answer

Osteosarcoma

Question 14

The Pap test procedure involves scraping cells from which anatomical structure?

Accepted Answer

Cervix

Question 15

According to the TNM staging system, what does 'M' represent?

Accepted Answer

Presence or absence of metastases

Question 16

A karyotype image showing 23 pairs of chromosomes is used to detect which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Chromosomal deletions or translocations

Question 17

A radiology image showing multiple 'slices' of the brain is most likely produced by which procedure?

Accepted Answer

Computerized axial tomography (CT)

Question 18

A patient receiving external beam radiotherapy for brain cancer is aligned using colored lines of light. What is the purpose of this alignment?

Accepted Answer

To ensure the radiation beam targets only the tumor

Question 19

A core needle biopsy is performed to obtain tissue from a breast tumor. What is the main advantage of this procedure?

Accepted Answer

It provides multiple long cores of tissue for diagnosis

Question 20

Which equation best represents the number of chromosomes in a normal human cell after mitosis?

Accepted Answer

$$46 \, 	ext{chromosomes}$$

Comprehensive Study Notes: Oncology and Cancer Terminology

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