Question 1

Which of the following best describes the primary function of the kidneys in the urinary system?

Accepted Answer

They filter metabolic waste from the bloodstream and produce urine.

Question 2

The renal hilum is best described as:

Accepted Answer

An indented area on the medial surface of the kidney where vessels and the ureter enter and exit.

Question 3

Which sequence correctly traces the flow of urine from its formation to excretion?

Accepted Answer

Renal pyramid → Calyx → Renal pelvis → Ureter → Urinary bladder → Urethra

Question 4

Which of the following statements about the nephron is correct?

Accepted Answer

The glomerulus is a cluster of capillaries inside the Bowman’s capsule.

Question 5

A patient presents with a bacterial infection of the kidney and renal pelvis. Which term best describes this condition?

Accepted Answer

Pyelonephritis

Question 6

Which combining form means 'renal pelvis'?

Accepted Answer

pyel/o

Question 7

Which of the following best explains why females are more prone to urinary tract infections (UTIs) than males?

Accepted Answer

The female urethra is shorter and located closer to the anus.

Question 8

Which of the following is a correct match between the urinary system structure and its function?

Accepted Answer

Renal pelvis: collects urine from calyces before passing it to the ureter

Question 9

A patient is diagnosed with a condition characterized by involuntary urination, especially at night. What is the medical term for this condition?

Accepted Answer

Enuresis

Question 10

Which laboratory test is used to estimate how effectively the kidneys filter waste from the blood?

Accepted Answer

Estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate (eGFR)

Question 11

A patient with a history of kidney stones undergoes a procedure using high-energy sound waves to break up the stones. What is this procedure called?

Accepted Answer

Lithotripsy

Question 12

Which of the following best describes the function of the internal sphincter of the urinary bladder?

Accepted Answer

It is made of smooth muscle and relaxes during bladder contraction.

Question 13

Which of the following terms means 'reduced urine output'?

Accepted Answer

Oliguria

Question 14

A patient’s urinalysis reveals a high albumin/creatinine ratio (ACR). What does this most likely indicate?

Accepted Answer

The patient may have kidney disease with albumin leakage.

Question 15

Which of the following is a function of the hormone renin produced by the kidneys?

Accepted Answer

It stimulates vasoconstriction to help regulate blood pressure.

Question 16

Which of the following is a correct statement about the structure of the nephron?

Accepted Answer

The nephron loop (Loop of Henle) is subdivided into descending and ascending limbs.

Question 17

A patient is prescribed a thiazide diuretic. What is the primary action of this medication?

Accepted Answer

It increases urine production by acting on the distal convoluted tubule.

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the difference between the male and female urethra?

Accepted Answer

The female urethra is shorter and only carries urine.

Question 19

Which of the following is the most common symptom of a urethral stricture?

Accepted Answer

A weaker urinary stream and difficulty voiding the bladder.

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the process and purpose of retrograde pyelography?

Accepted Answer

A contrast dye is injected against the flow of urine to visualize the kidneys, ureter, and bladder.

Urinary System: Medical Terminology and Anatomy Study Guide

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