Question 1

Which of the following best describes the primary function of the kidneys in the urinary system?

Accepted Answer

They filter metabolic waste from the bloodstream and produce urine.

Question 2

The renal hilum is located on which surface of the kidney, and what is its primary function?

Accepted Answer

Medial surface; serves as the entry and exit point for vessels and the ureter.

Question 3

Which sequence correctly traces the flow of urine through the internal structures of the kidney?

Accepted Answer

Renal pyramid → renal papilla → calyx → renal pelvis → ureter

Question 4

Which of the following statements about the nephron is correct?

Accepted Answer

The glomerulus is encased by the glomerular (Bowman's) capsule.

Question 5

A patient presents with reduced urine output. Which medical term best describes this condition?

Accepted Answer

Oliguria

Question 6

Which combining form is used to refer to the urinary bladder in medical terminology?

Accepted Answer

vesic/o

Question 7

A patient is diagnosed with pyelonephritis. Which structures are primarily affected?

Accepted Answer

Kidney and renal pelvis

Question 8

Which of the following is a procedure that uses high-energy sound waves to break up kidney stones?

Accepted Answer

Lithotripsy

Question 9

What is the primary difference between the internal and external sphincters of the urinary bladder?

Accepted Answer

Internal sphincter is smooth muscle and involuntary; external sphincter is skeletal muscle and voluntary.

Question 10

Which of the following best explains why females are more prone to urinary tract infections (UTIs) than males?

Accepted Answer

The female urethra is shorter and located closer to the vaginal and anal openings.

Question 11

A patient with a urethral stricture is most likely to experience which symptom?

Accepted Answer

A weaker urinary stream and difficulty voiding the bladder.

Question 12

Which laboratory test is used to estimate how effectively the kidneys filter waste from the blood?

Accepted Answer

Estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate (eGFR)

Question 13

In retrograde pyelography, how is the contrast dye administered?

Accepted Answer

Directly into the urethra through a catheter.

Question 14

Which of the following is a malignant kidney tumor most commonly found in children?

Accepted Answer

Wilms Tumor

Question 15

A patient is prescribed a thiazide diuretic. Which part of the nephron does this medication primarily target?

Accepted Answer

Distal convoluted tubule

Question 16

Which combining form refers to the renal pelvis?

Accepted Answer

pyel/o

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the function of renin produced by the kidneys?

Accepted Answer

Controls blood pressure through stimulating vasoconstriction.

Question 18

A patient with frequent nighttime urination is diagnosed with which condition?

Accepted Answer

Nocturia

Question 19

Which of the following equations is used to estimate glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) in clinical practice?

Accepted Answer

$$ eGFR = 140 - 	ext{age} 	imes \frac{weight 	imes 0.85}{72 	imes P_{cr}} $$

Question 20

A patient with a high albumin/creatinine ratio (ACR) in urine is most likely to be diagnosed with which condition?

Accepted Answer

Kidney disease

Urinary System: Medical Terminology and Anatomy Study Guide

Guida di studio - Domande di pratica