Question 1

Which of the following best describes the main difference between humoral and cellular immunity?

Accepted Answer

Humoral immunity involves antibodies produced by B cells targeting extracellular pathogens, while cellular immunity involves T cells targeting intracellular pathogens.

Question 2

Which class of antibody is primarily responsible for the secondary immune response and can cross the placenta to provide passive immunity to the fetus?

Accepted Answer

IgG

Question 3

A patient receives an injection of monoclonal antibodies after exposure to a toxin. Which type of acquired immunity is this an example of?

Accepted Answer

Artificial passive immunity

Question 4

Which outcome of antigen-antibody binding involves antibodies coating a pathogen to enhance its uptake and destruction by phagocytes?

Accepted Answer

Opsonization

Question 5

During a primary immune response, which antibody is produced first and then declines as another antibody increases?

Accepted Answer

IgM is produced first, then IgG increases

Question 6

Which of the following is a function of TH2 helper T cells?

Accepted Answer

Stimulate B cells to proliferate and secrete more antibody

Question 7

A newborn baby receives antibodies from its mother through breast milk. What type of immunity is this?

Accepted Answer

Natural passive immunity

Question 8

Which antibody class is secreted into mucosal surfaces such as saliva and tears, providing protection at entry points?

Accepted Answer

IgA

Question 9

What is the role of cytotoxic T cells (CD8 T cells) in cellular immunity?

Accepted Answer

They target and lyse cells infected with intracellular pathogens such as viruses.

Question 10

Which process describes the clumping of pathogens by antibodies, making them easier for phagocytes to eliminate?

Accepted Answer

Agglutination

Question 11

A person is exposed to a pathogen for the second time. Which antibody response is expected to be faster and stronger due to memory cells?

Accepted Answer

Secondary response with IgG predominance

Question 12

Which of the following best defines an antigen?

Accepted Answer

Any substance that causes the body to produce antibodies

Question 13

Which antibody class is involved in allergic reactions and binds to mast cells and basophils?

Accepted Answer

IgE

Question 14

Which of the following is NOT a direct outcome of antigen-antibody binding?

Accepted Answer

Production of cytokines

Question 15

Which cell type is responsible for presenting antigens to T cells, initiating cellular immunity?

Accepted Answer

Dendritic cells

Question 16

Which formula best represents the relationship between antibody concentration and time during a secondary immune response?

Accepted Answer

$$C_{IgG}(t)$$ increases rapidly and reaches a higher peak than in the primary response due to memory cells

Question 17

Which of the following is TRUE regarding passive immunity?

Accepted Answer

It provides immediate protection but does not result in long-term immunity.

Question 18

Which helper T cell subtype is primarily responsible for activating macrophages and cytotoxic T cells?

Accepted Answer

TH1 helper cells

Question 19

Which antibody class is the main antibody of primary immune responses and is most effective at fixing complement?

Accepted Answer

IgM

Question 20

A patient receives a vaccine and later develops immunity to the disease. What type of acquired immunity is this?

Accepted Answer

Artificial active immunity

Adaptive Immunity: Humoral and Cellular Responses in Immunology

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