Question 1

Which of the following best describes the difference between innate and adaptive immunity?

Accepted Answer

Innate immunity provides a rapid, non-specific response, while adaptive immunity targets specific pathogens and has memory.

Question 2

A patient receives an injection of antibodies after exposure to rabies. What type of adaptive immunity is this?

Accepted Answer

Artificially acquired passive immunity

Question 3

Which of the following is a function of interleukins?

Accepted Answer

Act as cytokines between leukocytes

Question 4

What is the role of the variable (V) region of an antibody?

Accepted Answer

It binds to specific epitopes on antigens.

Question 5

Which immunoglobulin class is primarily responsible for the secondary immune response and is the most abundant in serum?

Accepted Answer

IgG

Question 6

A hapten can become immunogenic when:

Accepted Answer

It binds to a carrier molecule, forming a complete antigen.

Question 7

Which of the following best describes the process of clonal selection?

Accepted Answer

Activated B cells differentiate into plasma cells and memory cells after encountering their specific antigen.

Question 8

Which outcome of antigen–antibody binding enhances phagocytosis by coating the antigen with antibodies?

Accepted Answer

Opsonization

Question 9

A virus-infected cell presents endogenous antigens on its surface with which molecule?

Accepted Answer

MHC class I

Question 10

Which T cell subtype is primarily responsible for suppressing immune responses and maintaining tolerance to self-antigens?

Accepted Answer

T regulatory (Treg) cell

Question 11

Which cytokine is produced by TH17 cells and is important for recruiting neutrophils during inflammation?

Accepted Answer

Interleukin-17 (IL-17)

Question 12

What is the main function of natural killer (NK) cells in the immune response?

Accepted Answer

They destroy cells that do not express MHC class I self-antigens.

Question 13

Which of the following best explains why the secondary immune response is faster and more effective than the primary response?

Accepted Answer

Memory cells produced during the primary response are quickly activated upon re-exposure to the antigen.

Question 14

Which process describes the destruction of large parasites, such as helminths, that are too big to be phagocytosed?

Accepted Answer

Antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC)

Question 15

A child receives antibodies from her mother through breast milk. This is an example of:

Accepted Answer

Naturally acquired passive immunity

Question 16

Which of the following is NOT a function of antibodies?

Accepted Answer

Direct lysis of infected cells

Question 17

Which cell type is responsible for presenting antigens to T helper cells and is found in the skin, lymph nodes, and spleen?

Accepted Answer

Dendritic cell

Question 18

Which of the following best describes apoptosis?

Accepted Answer

Programmed cell death that prevents the spread of infectious viruses

Question 19

Which class of MHC molecule is found on all nucleated cells and presents endogenous antigens to cytotoxic T cells?

Accepted Answer

MHC class I

Question 20

Which of the following is a correct sequence of events in the activation of a B cell by a T-dependent antigen?

Accepted Answer

B cell binds antigen, internalizes and processes it, presents fragments on MHC II, receives cytokines from TH cell, undergoes clonal expansion

Adaptive Immunity: Specific Defenses of the Host – Study Notes

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