Question 1

Which of the following is a characteristic shared by all prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells, but NOT by viruses?

Accepted Answer

Ability to metabolize nutrients

Question 2

A patient is diagnosed with pneumonia that does not respond to amoxicillin, an antibiotic targeting peptidoglycan synthesis. Which of the following is the most likely explanation?

Accepted Answer

The causative agent lacks peptidoglycan in its cell wall

Question 3

Which structure is responsible for the movement of prokaryotic cells and is composed of flagellin protein?

Accepted Answer

Flagella

Question 4

Which of the following best describes the function of the glycocalyx in prokaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Protection from desiccation and attachment to surfaces

Question 5

A bacterium is observed to have a thick peptidoglycan layer and retains the crystal violet dye during Gram staining. Which type of cell wall does it possess?

Accepted Answer

Gram-positive

Question 6

Which of the following is a unique feature of eukaryotic flagella compared to prokaryotic flagella?

Accepted Answer

Composed of microtubules arranged in a '9+2' pattern

Question 7

Which process allows a eukaryotic cell to engulf a solid particle by surrounding it with its membrane?

Accepted Answer

Phagocytosis

Question 8

Which of the following best explains why Gram-negative bacteria are often more resistant to antibiotics than Gram-positive bacteria?

Accepted Answer

Presence of an outer membrane containing lipopolysaccharides

Question 9

Which of the following is NOT a function of the prokaryotic cytoplasmic membrane?

Accepted Answer

Protein synthesis

Question 10

A bacterium is placed in a hypertonic solution. What is the most likely outcome for the cell?

Accepted Answer

Water will leave the cell, causing plasmolysis

Question 11

Which of the following structures is found in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells and is the site of protein synthesis?

Accepted Answer

Ribosomes

Question 12

Which of the following best describes the endosymbiotic theory?

Accepted Answer

Eukaryotic organelles such as mitochondria originated from engulfed prokaryotes

Question 13

Which of the following is a function of the eukaryotic cytoskeleton?

Accepted Answer

Anchoring organelles and maintaining cell shape

Question 14

Which of the following is true regarding bacterial endospores?

Accepted Answer

They are resistant to extreme temperatures and desiccation

Question 15

Which of the following best explains why Mycoplasma species are not affected by antibiotics that target cell wall synthesis?

Accepted Answer

They lack a cell wall

Question 16

Which of the following is a distinguishing feature of archaeal cell walls compared to bacterial cell walls?

Accepted Answer

They lack peptidoglycan and may contain pseudopeptidoglycan

Question 17

A scientist observes a eukaryotic cell with a cell wall composed of chitin. This cell is most likely from which organism?

Accepted Answer

Fungus

Question 18

Which of the following transport mechanisms requires energy and can move substances against their concentration gradient?

Accepted Answer

Active transport

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the arrangement of microtubules in a eukaryotic cilium?

Accepted Answer

9 + 2 arrangement

Question 20

Which of the following is a function of the Golgi apparatus in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Modifying, sorting, and packaging proteins for secretion

Cell Structure and Function: Microbial Cell Types and Processes

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