Question 1

Which of the following structures is found in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells and is responsible for protein synthesis?

Accepted Answer

Ribosome

Question 2

A bacterium is observed to have a thick peptidoglycan layer and teichoic acids in its cell wall. After Gram staining, what color will it appear and why?

Accepted Answer

Purple, because it is Gram-positive and retains the crystal violet stain

Question 3

Which of the following best describes the function of the glycocalyx capsule in bacteria?

Accepted Answer

It protects the cell from phagocytosis and acts as a virulence factor

Question 4

A scientist observes a cell with the following features: a nucleus, mitochondria, and cilia. Which type of cell is being observed?

Accepted Answer

Eukaryotic cell

Question 5

Which of the following statements about the Gram-negative bacterial cell wall is correct?

Accepted Answer

It contains an outer membrane with lipopolysaccharide (LPS)

Question 6

Which process is described by the movement of water across a selectively permeable membrane from an area of low solute concentration to high solute concentration?

Accepted Answer

Osmosis

Question 7

A bacterium is found to survive extreme desiccation and heat. Which structure is most likely responsible for this resistance?

Accepted Answer

Endospore

Question 8

Which of the following is a function of the eukaryotic Golgi body?

Accepted Answer

Packaging and modifying molecules for export

Question 9

Which of the following best explains why Gram-negative bacteria are generally more resistant to antibiotics than Gram-positive bacteria?

Accepted Answer

Their outer membrane acts as a chemical sieve, blocking many drugs

Question 10

A researcher is studying a bacterium that moves by undulating its flagella, which are composed of microtubules. What is the most likely identity of this cell?

Accepted Answer

Eukaryotic cell

Question 11

Which of the following structures is NOT found in prokaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondrion

Question 12

Which of the following is a correct description of group translocation in bacteria?

Accepted Answer

An active process where a substance is chemically modified during transport

Question 13

Which of the following is a function of bacterial pili?

Accepted Answer

Transfer of DNA between cells

Question 14

A cell is placed in a hypertonic solution. What will happen to a bacterial cell with a cell wall?

Accepted Answer

It will shrink as water leaves the cell, but the cell wall prevents complete collapse

Question 15

Which of the following statements about plasmids is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

They often carry genes for antibiotic resistance

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the arrangement of phospholipids in the cytoplasmic membrane?

Accepted Answer

A bilayer with hydrophobic tails facing inward and hydrophilic heads facing outward

Question 17

Which of the following is a unique feature of acid-fast bacteria?

Accepted Answer

High concentration of mycolic acid in the cell wall

Question 18

Which of the following is a function of the eukaryotic cytoskeleton?

Accepted Answer

Anchoring organelles and maintaining cell shape

Question 19

A bacterium is observed to have peritrichous flagella. What does this mean?

Accepted Answer

It has flagella distributed over the entire cell surface

Question 20

Which of the following best explains why mitochondria and chloroplasts are believed to have originated from prokaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

They have their own DNA and 70S ribosomes, similar to prokaryotes

Cell Structure and Function: Prokaryotes vs. Eukaryotes

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