$$\mathrm{ATP} + \mathrm{H}_2\mathrm{O} \rightarrow \mathrm{ADP} + \mathrm{P}_i + \text{energy}$$

Question 1

Which of the following statements best describes a major difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Eukaryotic cells have internal membrane-bound organelles, while prokaryotic cells do not.

Question 2

Which cellular structure is responsible for the majority of ATP production in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondria

Question 3

Which of the following is TRUE regarding ribosomes in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Eukaryotic ribosomes are 80S, composed of 60S and 40S subunits.

Question 4

Which process allows eukaryotic cells to engulf large particles or other cells?

Accepted Answer

Phagocytosis

Question 5

Which of the following best describes the function of the Golgi body in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

It processes, packages, and exports molecules.

Question 6

Which statement about the cytoskeleton in eukaryotic cells is correct?

Accepted Answer

It is an extensive network of protein fibers and tubules that provides structural support.

Question 7

Which of the following is a correct description of catabolic pathways?

Accepted Answer

They break larger molecules into smaller products and release energy.

Question 8

During oxidation-reduction (redox) reactions, which statement is correct?

Accepted Answer

Oxidation involves loss of electrons; reduction involves gain of electrons.

Question 9

Which of the following cell types typically have cell walls composed of chitin?

Accepted Answer

Fungi

Question 10

A scientist observes a cell with a nucleus, mitochondria, and a cell wall made of cellulose. Which type of organism is this cell most likely from?

Accepted Answer

Plant

Question 11

Which equation correctly represents the general reaction for ATP hydrolysis?

Accepted Answer

$$\mathrm{ATP} + \mathrm{H}_2\mathrm{O} ightarrow \mathrm{ADP} + \mathrm{P}_i + 	ext{energy}$$

Question 12

Which organelle is continuous with the nuclear envelope and is involved in protein and lipid synthesis?

Accepted Answer

Endoplasmic reticulum

Question 13

Which of the following statements about mitochondria is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondria are found in prokaryotic cells.

Question 14

Which of the following best explains why anabolic pathways require energy?

Accepted Answer

They synthesize large molecules from smaller ones, which requires input of energy.

Question 15

A cell is observed to have 70S ribosomes, no nucleus, and a cell wall. Which type of cell is this most likely to be?

Accepted Answer

Prokaryotic cell

Question 16

Which of the following is a function of the nuclear pores in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

They allow import and export of substances through the nuclear envelope.

Question 17

Which of the following is a correct statement about the rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER)?

Accepted Answer

It is rough because ribosomes are attached to its outer surface.

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the role of catabolism in microbial metabolism?

Accepted Answer

Catabolism provides energy and precursor metabolites for anabolic reactions.

Question 19

Which of the following is a correct example of an oxidation-reduction reaction?

Accepted Answer

$$\mathrm{NAD}^+ + 2e^- + 2H^+ \rightarrow \mathrm{NADH} + H^+$$

Cellular Structures and Metabolism of Microbes: Study Notes

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