Q: Place the following taxonomic ranks in order from most inclusive to least inclusive: domain, kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, species.

$$\text{Domain} \rightarrow \text{Kingdom} \rightarrow \text{Phylum} \rightarrow \text{Class} \rightarrow \text{Order} \rightarrow \text{Family} \rightarrow \text{Genus} \rightarrow \text{Species}$$

Question 1

Which of the following correctly lists the three domains of life, and identifies which are prokaryotic?

Accepted Answer

Eukarya, Bacteria, Archaea; Bacteria and Archaea are prokaryotic

Question 2

Which of the following microbes is correctly matched to its domain?

Accepted Answer

Fungi - Eukarya

Question 3

Which statement best describes a key difference between prokaryotes and eukaryotes?

Accepted Answer

Prokaryotes do not have a nucleus, while eukaryotes do.

Question 4

A scientist is using a light microscope to view a microbe. What is the smallest structure they should be able to see?

Accepted Answer

1 nanometer

Question 5

What is the average size of a typical bacterium?

Accepted Answer

1-10 micrometers

Question 6

Which of the following best describes the difference between phylogeny and evolution?

Accepted Answer

Phylogeny is the natural relatedness between groups of organisms, while evolution is the process by which new species originate from preexisting species.

Question 7

Place the following taxonomic ranks in order from most inclusive to least inclusive: domain, kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, species.

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{Domain} ightarrow 	ext{Kingdom} ightarrow 	ext{Phylum} ightarrow 	ext{Class} ightarrow 	ext{Order} ightarrow 	ext{Family} ightarrow 	ext{Genus} ightarrow 	ext{Species}$$

Question 8

Approximately how many years ago did prokaryotes and eukaryotes evolve?

Accepted Answer

Prokaryotes evolved around 3.5 billion years ago; eukaryotes evolved around 2.1 billion years ago.

Question 9

Which molecular technique is commonly used to identify a microbe's genus and species by sequencing a specific gene?

Accepted Answer

16S rRNA gene sequencing

Question 10

What is the correct format for writing a binomial species name?

Accepted Answer

The genus is capitalized, the species is not, and both are italicized. For example: $$	extit{E. coli}$$

Question 11

A patient is prescribed antibiotics for a bacterial infection. Which statement best explains why antibiotics are effective in this case?

Accepted Answer

Antibiotics target specific features of bacteria, such as cell wall synthesis, that are not present in human cells.

Question 12

Which of the following is NOT one of Koch's postulates?

Accepted Answer

The microbe must be resistant to all antibiotics.

Question 13

Which scientist is credited with first observing 'animalcules' using a microscope in the 1600s?

Accepted Answer

Antonie van Leeuwenhoek

Question 14

A soil sample contains a novel microbe. You sequence its 16S rRNA gene and obtain the following sequence: ATG CTT TAG GGT GAA TTC. In the NCBI database, which bacterium matches this sequence?

Accepted Answer

Escherichia coli

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the impact of Dr. Elsie Inglis on medicine in the early 1900s?

Accepted Answer

She provided medical services during wartime, advocated for women's roles in medicine, and established hospitals for foreign service.

Question 16

Which of the following statements about microbes is correct?

Accepted Answer

Microbes can be both good and bad; they are used in medicines like antibiotics.

Question 17

Which of the following is the correct order of Koch's postulates?

Accepted Answer

1. Identifies the same microbe in all cases of disease. 2. Culture and identifies microbe. 3. Introduce into healthy host and observe disease. 4. Re-isolate the same microbe.

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the process of 16S rRNA gene sequencing in microbial identification?

Accepted Answer

It involves sample collection, DNA extraction, PCR amplification, and sequence comparison to databases.

Question 19

Which of the following is a correct statement about the evolution of complexity in organisms?

Accepted Answer

Evolution usually progresses toward greater complexity, but not always.

Chapter 1: Introduction to Microbiology – Study Guide Notes

Guida di studio - Domande di pratica

Study guide - Flashcard