Question 1

Which of the following best describes the main difference between adaptive immunity and innate immunity?

Accepted Answer

Adaptive immunity is specific and has memory, while innate immunity is non-specific and lacks memory.

Question 2

A patient receives a vaccine containing inactivated viral particles. Which type of adaptive immunity is primarily stimulated?

Accepted Answer

Humoral immunity

Question 3

Which of the following statements about B lymphocytes is correct?

Accepted Answer

B lymphocytes produce antibodies that bind to antigens.

Question 4

A foreign molecule enters the body and triggers an immune response. Which term best describes this molecule?

Accepted Answer

Antigen

Question 5

Which of the following is an example of a hapten?

Accepted Answer

Penicillin, which can bind to proteins and trigger an allergic response

Question 6

Immunoglobulins are also known as:

Accepted Answer

Antibodies

Question 7

Which equation best represents the binding of an antibody to an antigen?

Accepted Answer

$$\mathrm{Ag} + \mathrm{Ab} \rightarrow \mathrm{AgAb}$$

Question 8

Which of the following best describes the function of Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) molecules?

Accepted Answer

They present antigens to T cells, facilitating immune recognition.

Question 9

Class I MHC molecules are primarily found on:

Accepted Answer

All nucleated cells and present antigens to CD8+ T cells

Question 10

Which of the following is required for B cell activation by a T-dependent antigen?

Accepted Answer

Antigen presentation by MHC II and help from CD4+ T cells

Question 11

Which of the following is a function of plasma cells?

Accepted Answer

They produce antibodies against specific antigens.

Question 12

Which statement best distinguishes T-dependent from T-independent antigens?

Accepted Answer

T-dependent antigens require CD4+ T cell help for B cell activation.

Question 13

Which of the following is NOT a result of antigen-antibody interaction?

Accepted Answer

Direct destruction of antigens by antibodies

Question 14

Which cell type is NOT considered an antigen-presenting cell (APC)?

Accepted Answer

Neutrophil

Question 15

A dendritic cell presents a viral peptide on MHC II to a CD4+ T cell. What is the likely outcome?

Accepted Answer

Activation of CD4+ T cell, leading to cytokine release

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the role of CD8+ T cells?

Accepted Answer

They directly kill infected or abnormal cells.

Question 17

Which process is described by the equation $$\mathrm{Cell} \rightarrow \mathrm{Apoptosis}$$?

Accepted Answer

Programmed cell death

Question 18

Natural killer (NK) cells contribute to immunity by:

Accepted Answer

Directly killing virus-infected and tumor cells without prior sensitization

Question 19

Which equation best represents the difference in antibody production between primary and secondary immune responses?

Accepted Answer

$$\mathrm{Ab}_{	ext{primary}} \u003c \mathrm{Ab}_{	ext{secondary}}$$

Question 20

A newborn receives antibodies from its mother through breast milk. Which type of adaptive immunity is this?

Accepted Answer

Passive natural immunity

Chapter 17: Adaptive Immunity – Study Notes

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