Question 1

Which of the following best explains why penicillin does NOT kill eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Penicillin targets the peptidoglycan in cell walls, which is absent in eukaryotic cells.

Question 2

A scientist observes a eukaryotic cell engulfing a large bacterium. Which process is being used, and what is the cell type most likely involved?

Accepted Answer

Phagocytosis; phagocyte

Question 3

Which of the following statements correctly distinguishes between mitosis and meiosis in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Mitosis produces two genetically identical diploid cells, while meiosis produces four genetically unique haploid cells.

Question 4

Which two eukaryotic organelles divide using a process similar to binary fission?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondria and chloroplasts

Question 5

A cell is observed to take in dissolved nutrients from its environment by forming small vesicles. Which process is this, and is it active or passive?

Accepted Answer

Pinocytosis; active

Question 6

Which of the following best describes a saprobe?

Accepted Answer

An organism that obtains nutrients by decomposing dead organic matter

Question 7

Which genus is most commonly associated with vaginal yeast infections?

Accepted Answer

Candida

Question 8

A patient presents with 'athlete's foot.' Which type of organism is most likely responsible, and what is the common name for this infection?

Accepted Answer

Dermatophyte; tinea pedis

Question 9

Which of the following statements about eukaryotic cell walls is correct?

Accepted Answer

They are located outside the plasma membrane; animal cells lack cell walls.

Question 10

Which of the following best describes the motion of eukaryotic flagella compared to prokaryotic flagella?

Accepted Answer

Eukaryotic flagella move in a whip-like motion, while prokaryotic flagella rotate like a propeller.

Question 11

Where are eukaryotic ribosomes located within the cell?

Accepted Answer

Free in the cytoplasm and bound to the rough endoplasmic reticulum

Question 12

Which of the following best describes the ribosomes found in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Eukaryotic cells have both 80S ribosomes in the cytoplasm and 70S ribosomes in mitochondria and chloroplasts.

Question 13

What are the two main functions of the eukaryotic cytoskeleton?

Accepted Answer

Structural support and movement

Question 14

Which macromolecule is primarily housed in the nucleus of a eukaryotic cell?

Accepted Answer

DNA

Question 15

What is the main function of the rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER), and what makes it 'rough'?

Accepted Answer

Protein synthesis; ribosomes attached to its surface

Question 16

A cell is observed to have an extensive smooth endoplasmic reticulum. Which function is this organelle most likely performing?

Accepted Answer

Lipid synthesis and detoxification

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the function of the Golgi apparatus?

Accepted Answer

Modifies, sorts, and packages proteins and lipids for secretion or delivery to other organelles

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the function of lysosomes and peroxisomes?

Accepted Answer

Lysosomes digest cellular waste; peroxisomes break down toxic substances like hydrogen peroxide

Question 19

A muscle cell is observed to have a high number of mitochondria. What does this indicate about the cell's activity, and what is the main function of mitochondria?

Accepted Answer

The cell has high energy demands; mitochondria produce ATP through cellular respiration.

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the function of chloroplasts in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

They carry out photosynthesis, converting light energy into chemical energy.

Chapter 4: Introduction to Eukaryotic Cells – Guided Study Notes

Guida di studio - Domande di pratica

Study guide - Flashcard