Question 1

Which of the following statements best describes the relationship between matter, elements, and atoms?

Accepted Answer

Matter is made of elements, and elements are made of atoms.

Question 2

A neutral atom of carbon has an atomic number of 6 and a mass number of 12. How many neutrons does it have?

Accepted Answer

$$6$$

Question 3

Which of the following best explains why ice floats on liquid water?

Accepted Answer

Stable hydrogen bonds keep water molecules of ice farther apart than water molecules of liquid water.

Question 4

Which of the following is a property of water that is critical for maintaining homeostasis in living organisms?

Accepted Answer

Water has a high specific heat, allowing it to resist temperature changes.

Question 5

A solution in which water is the solvent is called a(n):

Accepted Answer

Aqueous solution.

Question 6

Which of the following best describes the difference between a covalent bond and an ionic bond?

Accepted Answer

Covalent bonds involve the sharing of electrons, while ionic bonds involve the transfer of electrons.

Question 7

Which of the following reactions is most consistent with that of a base?

Accepted Answer

$$\mathrm{NaOH \rightarrow Na^+ + OH^-}$$

Question 8

Which of the following statements about buffers is true?

Accepted Answer

They maintain a consistent pH when acids or bases are added to them.

Question 9

Which of the following best describes a nonpolar covalent bond?

Accepted Answer

The bonded atoms share electrons equally.

Question 10

Which of the following is a function of carbohydrates in living organisms?

Accepted Answer

Long-term energy storage and structural support.

Question 11

Which of the following statements concerning dehydration reactions and hydrolysis is correct?

Accepted Answer

Dehydration reactions create polymers from monomers; hydrolysis reactions break down polymers.

Question 12

Which of the following is true about the structure of DNA?

Accepted Answer

The nucleic acid strands in a DNA molecule are oriented antiparallel to each other.

Question 13

Which of the following best describes the role of chaperone proteins?

Accepted Answer

Assist in protein folding or re-naturing.

Question 14

Which of the following is a property of phospholipids that is critical for their function in cell membranes?

Accepted Answer

They are amphipathic, with hydrophilic heads and hydrophobic tails.

Question 15

Which of the following best explains why hydrophobic molecules do not dissolve in water?

Accepted Answer

They are nonpolar water 'fearing' molecules.

Question 16

Which of the following chemical formulas represents that of a simple carbohydrate?

Accepted Answer

$$\mathrm{C_6H_{12}O_6$}$$

Question 17

Which of the following is a correct pairing of a polysaccharide and its biological function?

Accepted Answer

Chitin: structural support in fungi and arthropods

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the difference between saturated and unsaturated fatty acids?

Accepted Answer

Saturated fatty acids contain only single bonds between carbon atoms, while unsaturated fatty acids contain one or more double bonds.

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the primary structure of a protein?

Accepted Answer

The types, quantity, and order of amino acids in the polypeptide chain.

Chemical Principles for Microbiology: Structured Study Notes

Guida di studio - Domande di pratica