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Comprehensive Study Guide: Microbiology Learning Objectives and Key Concepts

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Introduction to Microbiology

  • Discovering Microorganisms
    03:36
  • Introduction to Microbiology
    07:27
  • Introduction to Microbiology Channel
    1:29

Introduction to Spontaneous Generation

  • Biogenesis vs. Spontaneous Generation
    02:05
  • Introduction to Spontaneous Generation
    05:59

Francesco Redi's Experiments

  • Francesco Redi's Experiments
    05:16

Needham vs. Spallanzani

  • Needham vs. Spallanzani
    05:56
  • Needham vs. Spallanzani Experimental Design
    05:34
  • Spallanzani’s Results Disproved Spontaneous Generation
    07:22

Pasteur's Experiments on Spontaneous Generation

  • Pasteur's Experiments on Spontaneous Generation
    03:50
  • Pasteur’s Swan-Neck Experiment
    05:58

Introduction to Chemical Bonding

  • Intramolecular vs. Intermolecular Bonds
    04:01
  • Map of the Lesson on Chemical Bonding
    02:42
  • Introduction to Chemical Bonding
    06:53

Ionic Bonding

  • Ionic Bonding
    04:34
  • Ionic Bonds
    06:07

Hydrogen Bonding

  • Hydrogen Bonding
    05:03

Introduction to Biomolecules

  • Introduction to Biomolecules
    01:17
  • Map of the Lesson on Biomolecules
    01:29

Carbohydrates

  • Formation & Breakdown of Polysaccharides
    03:08
  • Carbohydrates
    04:53
  • Carbohydrate Functions
    04:48

Proteins

  • Protein Structure
    08:02
  • Amino Acids
    04:37
  • Proteins
    02:50

Nucleic Acids

  • Nucleic Acids Example 2
    01:05
  • Formation & Breakdown of Nucleic Acids
    04:07
  • DNA vs. RNA
    05:57

ATP

  • Energy Coupling
    04:57
  • ATP
    06:44
  • Phosphorylation
    03:00

Introduction to Microscopes

  • Introduction to Microscopes
    06:13

Magnification, Resolution, & Contrast

  • Magnification, Resolution, & Contrast
    07:29

Introduction to Light Microscopy

  • Introduction to Light Microscopy
    02:53

Light Microscopy: Bright-Field Microscopes

  • Light Microscopy: Bright-Field Microscopes
    03:46
  • Light Microscopy: Bright-Field Microscopes Example 1
    03:41
  • Components & Magnification of the Compound Light Microscope
    06:15

Light Microscopes that Increase Contrast

  • Light Microscopes that Increase Contrast
    02:39
  • Dark-Field Microscopy
    01:52
  • Phase-Contrast Microscopy
    03:27

Light Microscopes that Detect Fluorescence

  • Light Microscopes that Detect Fluorescence
    01:46
  • Fluorescence Microscopes
    02:54
  • Two-Photon Microscope (TPM)
    02:01

Electron Microscopes

  • Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM)
    02:42
  • Electron Microscopes
    03:08
  • Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM)
    04:23

Introduction to Bacterial Cell Walls

  • Peptidoglycan
    01:58
  • Types of Bacterial Cell Walls
    02:44
  • Peptidoglycan Structure
    04:44

Gram-Positive Cell Walls

  • Teichoic Acids
    03:58
  • Gram-Positive Cell Walls
    02:59

Gram-Negative Cell Walls

  • Gram-Negative Cell Walls
    3:04
  • Porins
    02:18
  • The Outer Membrane
    02:15

Gram-Positive vs. Gram-Negative Cell Walls

  • Mnemonic for Gram-Positive vs. Gram-Negative Cell Walls
    01:41
  • Gram-Positive vs. Gram-Negative Cell Walls
    04:46

The Glycocalyx: Capsules & Slime Layers

  • The Glycocalyx: Capsules & Slime Layers
    02:26
  • Capsules vs. Slime Layers
    01:53

Pili

  • Sex Pilus
    03:29
  • Cell Motility by Pili
    02:59
  • Pili
    01:02

Introduction to Prokaryotic Flagella

  • Types of Flagellar Distribution on Bacteria
    05:22
  • Introduction to Prokaryotic Flagella
    02:07

Prokaryotic Flagellar Structure

  • Structure of Gram-Positive Basal Body
    02:28
  • Prokaryotic Flagellar Structure
    02:53
  • Gram-Negative vs. Gram-Positive Basal Body Structure
    01:59

Prokaryotic Flagellar Movement

  • Prokaryotic Flagellar Movement
    02:43
  • Runs and Tumbles
    03:17

Proton Motive Force Drives Flagellar Motility

  • Proton Motive Force Drives Flagellar Motility
    04:17

Chemotaxis

  • Cell Motility During Chemotaxis
    05:11
  • Chemotaxis
    03:21

Prokaryotic Ribosomes

  • Prokaryotic Ribosomes
    01:51
  • Structure of Prokaryotic Ribosomes
    08:39

Binary Fission

  • Binary Fission
    02:16
  • Steps of Binary Fission
    04:57

Generation Times

  • Calculating Generation Times
    05:48
  • Generation Times
    02:54

Introduction to Metabolism

  • Introduction to Metabolism
    02:17
  • Catabolic & Anabolic Pathways
    03:25

Introduction to Aerobic Cellular Respiration

  • Stages of Aerobic Cellular Respiration
    02:32
  • Introduction to Aerobic Cellular Respiration
    03:38
  • Introduction to Aerobic Cellular Respiration Example 2
    01:53

Glycolysis

  • Phases of Glycolysis
    05:57
  • Glycolysis Example 1
    01:29
  • Remembering Phases of Glycolysis
    02:49

Electron Transport Chain

  • Remembering the ETC
    04:43
  • Electron Transport Chain in Prokaryotes
    02:49
  • Electron Transport Chain
    07:41

Chemiosmosis

  • Chemiosmosis
    05:01

Fermentation & Anaerobic Respiration

  • Lactic Acid Fermentation
    03:33
  • What Happens to Aerobic Organisms if There's No Oxygen?
    07:50
  • Alcohol Fermentation
    01:59

Microbial Growth Curves in a Closed System

  • Microbial Growth Curves in a Closed System
    08:59
  • Primary & Secondary Metabolites
    02:33

Temperature Requirements for Microbial Growth

  • Temperature Requirements for Microbial Growth
    04:16
  • Classification of Microbes by Growth Temperature
    04:56
  • How to Memorize the Classification of Microbes by Growth Temperatures
    01:59

Oxygen Requirements for Microbial Growth

  • Reactive Oxygen Species
    04:43
  • Oxygen Requirement Classes of Microbes
    07:27
  • Oxygen Requirements for Microbial Growth
    03:52

pH Requirements for Microbial Growth

  • pH Requirements for Microbial Growth
    03:11
  • Optimal Growth pH Classes of Microbes
    03:23

Osmolarity Factors for Microbial Growth

  • Osmolarity Factors for Microbial Growth
    06:30

Nutritional Factors of Microbial Growth

  • Reviewing the Nutritional Growth Factors of Microbes
    02:20
  • Carbon Source:Heterotrophs vs. Autotrophs
    02:59
  • Nutritional Factors of Microbial Growth
    02:57

Growth Factors

  • Growth Factors
    01:55

Introduction to Cultivating Microbial Growth

  • Map of Techniques for Cultivating Microbes
    02:05
  • Introduction to Cultivating Microbial Growth
    03:49

Types of Solid Culture Media

  • Types of Solid Culture Media
    03:16

Plating Methods

  • Streak-Plate Method
    05:16
  • Spread-Plate Method vs. Pour-Plate Method
    05:36

Measuring Growth by Direct Cell Counts

  • Types of Direct Cell Counting Instruments
    02:32
  • Direct Microscopic Cell Counts
    03:28

Measuring Growth by Plate Counts

  • Measuring Growth by Plate Counts
    07:16
  • Measuring Growth by Plate Counts
    01:36

Introduction to Microbial Genetics

  • Map of the Lesson on Microbial Genetics
    02:04
  • Introduction to Microbial Genetics
    04:20

Introduction to DNA Replication

  • Unwinding the DNA:Topoisomerase, Helicase & SSBs
    05:10
  • Components of DNA Replication
    04:47
  • Origin of Replication
    03:33

Central Dogma

  • Central Dogma
    05:45

Introduction to Transcription

  • Overview of Transcription
    07:44
  • Introduction to Transcription
    05:51

Introduction to Translation

  • Ribosomal tRNA Binding Sites
    06:16
  • Ribosome Subunits
    08:42
  • Introduction to Translation
    06:12

Prokaryotic Gene Expression

  • Location of Transcription & Translation
    03:17
  • Simultaneous Transcription & Translation in Prokaryotes
    03:34
  • Prokaryotic Sigma (σ) Factors
    05:00

Introduction to Regulation of Gene Expression

  • Positive vs Negative Gene Regulation
    02:17
  • Introduction to Regulation of Gene Expression
    06:40

Prokaryotic Gene Regulation via Operons

  • Inducible Operons
    04:25
  • Prokaryotic Gene Regulation via Operons
    00:53
  • Repressible Operons
    03:42

The Lac Operon

  • In the Absence of Lactose
    04:34
  • The Lac Operon
    07:06
  • In the Presence of Lactose
    03:56

The Trp Operon

  • In the Presence of Tryptophan
    03:11
  • The Trp Operon
    05:30
  • In the Absence of Tryptophan
    03:42

Introduction to Mutations

  • Spontaneous vs. Induced Mutations
    02:47
  • Introduction to Mutations
    00:37
  • Types of Mutations
    08:44

The Ames Test

  • The Ames Test
    06:59

DNA Repair Mechanisms

  • Nucleotide Excision Repair
    03:31
  • SOS Repair System
    03:50
  • Photoreactivation
    02:29

Horizontal Gene Transfer

  • Fates of Horizontally Transferred DNA
    03:13
  • Horizontal Gene Transfer
    04:42
  • Integration of DNA via Homologous Recombination
    02:52

Bacterial Transformation

  • Bacterial Transformation
    03:06
  • Mechanism of Natural Transformation
    03:49

Transduction

  • Generalized Transduction
    04:24
  • Transduction
    06:49
  • Specialized Transduction
    06:34

Introduction to Conjugation

  • Introduction to Conjugation
    04:21

Conjugation: F Plasmids

  • F Plasmids
    05:57
  • Mechanism of F Plasmid Conjugation in E. coli
    04:12

Conjugation: Hfr & F' Cells

  • F’ Cell Conjugation
    04:31
  • Hfr Cell Conjugation
    09:41

Introduction to Controlling Microbial Growth

  • Terminology of Microbial Growth Control
    07:36
  • Hierarchy of Microbial Growth Control Terminology
    03:09
  • Situations Warranting Different Levels of Microbial Growth Control
    05:58

Physical Methods to Control Microbial Growth

  • Dry Heat
    02:58
  • Irradiation
    06:18
  • Filtration
    04:29

Chemical Methods to Control Microbial Growth

  • Types of Disinfectants
    05:21
  • Selecting the Right Chemical Agent
    04:52
  • Chemical Methods to Control Microbial Growth
    03:58

Chemicals Used to Control Microbial Growth

  • Chemicals Used to Control Microbial Growth
    02:29
  • Factors Affecting Chemical Agents
    03:17

Introduction to Antimicrobial Drugs

  • Percorso guidato
    History of Antimicrobial Drugs
    05:33

How Antimicrobial Drugs Work

  • Percorso guidato
    Selective Toxicity
    05:27
  • Percorso guidato
    How Antimicrobial Drugs Work Example 1
    03:28

Broad vs Narrow Spectrum Drugs

  • Percorso guidato
    Broad vs Narrow Spectrum
    04:05

Inhibitors of Cell Wall Synthesis: Beta-lactam & Penicillin

  • Percorso guidato
    Inhibitors of Cell Wall Synthesis: Beta-lactam & Penicillin Example 3
    04:02
  • Percorso guidato
    Other Beta-lactam Antibiotics
    04:51
  • Inhibitors of Cell Wall Synthesis: Beta-lactam & Penicillin Example 2
    02:21

Inhibitors of Protein Synthesis

  • Percorso guidato
    Inhibitors of Protein Synthesis
    05:25
  • Percorso guidato
    Inhibitors of Protein Synthesis Example 1
    03:04

Disruptors of Cell Membranes

  • Percorso guidato
    Disruptors of Cell Membranes
    04:03

Inhibitors of Nucleic Acid Synthesis

  • Percorso guidato
    Inhibitors of Nucleic Acid Synthesis Example 1
    02:21
  • Percorso guidato
    Inhibitors of Nucleic Acid Synthesis
    05:01

Competitive Inhibitors of Metabolic Pathways

  • Percorso guidato
    Competitive Inhibitors of Metabolic Pathways Example 1
    02:36
  • Percorso guidato
    Sulfa Drugs & Folic Acid Synthesis
    05:22

Antimicrobial Resistance

  • Percorso guidato
    Types of Resistance Mechanisms
    05:04
  • Percorso guidato
    Spread of Antibiotic Resistance
    04:45
  • Percorso guidato
    Antibiotic Resistance
    03:45

Introduction to Viruses

  • General Structure of Viruses
    04:47
  • Three Common Shapes of Viruses
    03:19
  • Enveloped vs. Non-Enveloped Viruses
    05:09

Introduction to Bacteriophage Infections

  • Map of Lesson on Bacteriophage Infections
    03:52
  • Productive vs. Latent State Infections
    04:09
  • Lytic & Lysogenic Bacteriophages
    04:34

Bacteriophage: Lytic Phage Infections

  • Bacteriophage: Lytic Phage Infections
    04:58

Bacteriophage: Lysogenic Phage Infections

  • Bacteriophage: Lysogenic Phage Infections
    05:27
  • Lysogenic Conversion
    03:37

Plaque Assays

  • Plaque Assays
    04:21

Introduction to Animal Virus Infections

  • Introduction to Animal Virus Infections
    02:33
  • Memorizing the Steps of Animal Virus Infections
    01:40

Animal Viruses: 1. Attachment to the Host Cell

  • Animal Viruses: 1. Attachment to the Host Cell
    03:12

Animal Viruses: 2. Entry & Uncoating in the Host Cell

  • Entry & Uncoating by Endocytosis
    02:29
  • Animal Viruses: 2. Entry & Uncoating in the Host Cell
    04:29
  • Entry & Uncoating of Enveloped Viruses by Membrane Fusion
    02:59

Animal Viruses: 3. Synthesis & Replication

  • Map of Lesson on Animal Virus Synthesis & Replication
    03:34
  • Types of RNA Virus Genomes
    10:46
  • Common Themes of All Virus Genomes
    02:58

Animal Viruses: DNA Virus Synthesis & Replication

  • Animal Viruses: DNA Virus Synthesis & Replication
    01:10
  • Replication of Single-Stranded DNA (ssDNA) Viruses
    04:12
  • Replication of Double-Stranded DNA (dsDNA) Viruses
    03:58

Animal Viruses: RNA Virus Synthesis & Replication

  • Animal Viruses: RNA Virus Synthesis & Replication
    01:30
  • Replication of (+) Single Strand RNA (ssRNA) Viruses
    03:52
  • Replication of Double-Stranded RNA Viruses
    04:28

Animal Viruses: Antigenic Drift vs. Antigenic Shift

  • Animal Viruses: Antigenic Drift vs. Antigenic Shift
    05:27

Animal Viruses: Reverse-Transcribing Virus Synthesis & Replication

  • Animal Viruses: Reverse-Transcribing Virus Synthesis & Replication
    04:28

Animal Viruses: 4. Assembly Inside Host Cell

  • Animal Viruses: 4. Assembly Inside Host Cell
    04:26

Animal Viruses: 5. Release from Host Cell

  • Release of Non-Enveloped Viruses
    02:34
  • Release of Enveloped Viruses
    05:08

Acids and Bases

  • Acids
    03:44
  • Acids and Bases
    01:29
  • Bases
    03:48

pH Scale

  • Buffers
    05:38
  • pH Scale
    11:05