IndietroComprehensive Study Notes: Introduction to Microbiology, Prokaryotic Cells, and Eukaryotic Cells
Guida di studio - Note intelligenti
Appunti personalizzati basati sui tuoi materiali, ampliati con definizioni chiave, esempi e contesto.
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"},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"textStyle","attrs":{"color":"#6A8CFF"}},{"type":"bold"}],"text":"Biogenesis"},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"textStyle","attrs":{"color":"#6A8CFF"}}],"text":" is the principle that life arises from pre-existing life."}]}]},{"type":"listItem","content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"textAlign":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"textStyle","attrs":{"color":"#6A8CFF"}},{"type":"bold"}],"text":"Pasteurization"},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"textStyle","attrs":{"color":"#6A8CFF"}}],"text":": Heating process to kill pathogens in food and beverages, developed by Louis Pasteur."}]}]},{"type":"listItem","content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"textAlign":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"textStyle","attrs":{"color":"#6A8CFF"}},{"type":"bold"}],"text":"Germ Theory of Disease"},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"textStyle","attrs":{"color":"#6A8CFF"}}],"text":": States that specific microbes cause specific diseases."}]}]},{"type":"listItem","content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"textAlign":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"textStyle","attrs":{"color":"#6A8CFF"}},{"type":"bold"}],"text":"Etiological Agent"},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"textStyle","attrs":{"color":"#6A8CFF"}}],"text":": The causative agent of a disease."}]}]},{"type":"listItem","content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"textAlign":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"textStyle","attrs":{"color":"#6A8CFF"}},{"type":"bold"}],"text":"Susceptible Host"},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"textStyle","attrs":{"color":"#6A8CFF"}}],"text":": An individual who can acquire an infection due to lack of immunity or other factors."}]}]},{"type":"listItem","content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"textAlign":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"textStyle","attrs":{"color":"#6A8CFF"}},{"type":"bold"}],"text":"Aseptic Technique"},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"textStyle","attrs":{"color":"#6A8CFF"}}],"text":": Procedures to prevent contamination by unwanted microbes."}]}]},{"type":"listItem","content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"textAlign":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"textStyle","attrs":{"color":"#6A8CFF"}},{"type":"bold"}],"text":"Sterile"},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"textStyle","attrs":{"color":"#6A8CFF"}}],"text":": Free from all living organisms, including spores and viruses."}]}]},{"type":"listItem","content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"textAlign":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"textStyle","attrs":{"color":"#6A8CFF"}},{"type":"bold"}],"text":"Healthcare Acquired Infection (HAI)"},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"textStyle","attrs":{"color":"#6A8CFF"}}],"text":": Infections acquired in healthcare settings; also called "},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"textStyle","attrs":{"color":"#6A8CFF"}},{"type":"bold"}],"text":"nosocomial infections"},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"textStyle","attrs":{"color":"#6A8CFF"}}],"text":"."}]}]},{"type":"listItem","content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"textAlign":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"textStyle","attrs":{"color":"#6A8CFF"}},{"type":"bold"}],"text":"Scientific Method"},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"textStyle","attrs":{"color":"#6A8CFF"}}],"text":": Systematic approach to research, involving observation, hypothesis, experimentation, and conclusion."}]}]},{"type":"listItem","content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"textAlign":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"textStyle","attrs":{"color":"#6A8CFF"}},{"type":"bold"}],"text":"Hypothesis"},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"textStyle","attrs":{"color":"#6A8CFF"}}],"text":": Testable explanation for an observation."}]}]},{"type":"listItem","content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"textAlign":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"textStyle","attrs":{"color":"#6A8CFF"}},{"type":"bold"}],"text":"Observation"},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"textStyle","attrs":{"color":"#6A8CFF"}}],"text":": Gathering information using senses or instruments."}]}]},{"type":"listItem","content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"textAlign":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"textStyle","attrs":{"color":"#6A8CFF"}},{"type":"bold"}],"text":"Conclusion"},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"textStyle","attrs":{"color":"#6A8CFF"}}],"text":": Interpretation of experimental results."}]}]},{"type":"listItem","content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"textAlign":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"textStyle","attrs":{"color":"#6A8CFF"}},{"type":"bold"}],"text":"Law"},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"textStyle","attrs":{"color":"#6A8CFF"}}],"text":": Statement describing consistent natural phenomena."}]}]},{"type":"listItem","content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"textAlign":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"textStyle","attrs":{"color":"#6A8CFF"}},{"type":"bold"}],"text":"Theory"},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"textStyle","attrs":{"color":"#6A8CFF"}}],"text":": Well-supported explanation of natural phenomena."}]}]},{"type":"listItem","content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"textAlign":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"textStyle","attrs":{"color":"#6A8CFF"}},{"type":"bold"}],"text":"Morphology"},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"textStyle","attrs":{"color":"#6A8CFF"}}],"text":": Study of organism shape and structure."}]}]},{"type":"listItem","content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"textAlign":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"textStyle","attrs":{"color":"#6A8CFF"}},{"type":"bold"}],"text":"Unicellular"},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"textStyle","attrs":{"color":"#6A8CFF"}}],"text":": Composed of a single cell."}]}]},{"type":"listItem","content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"textAlign":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"textStyle","attrs":{"color":"#6A8CFF"}},{"type":"bold"}],"text":"Taxonomy"},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"textStyle","attrs":{"color":"#6A8CFF"}}],"text":": Science of classifying organisms."}]}]},{"type":"listItem","content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"textAlign":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"textStyle","attrs":{"color":"#6A8CFF"}},{"type":"bold"}],"text":"Binomial Nomenclature"},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"textStyle","attrs":{"color":"#6A8CFF"}}],"text":": Two-part scientific naming system (Genus species), e.g., "},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"textStyle","attrs":{"color":"#6A8CFF"}},{"type":"italic"}],"text":"Escherichia coli"},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"textStyle","attrs":{"color":"#6A8CFF"}}],"text":"."}]}]},{"type":"listItem","content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"textAlign":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"textStyle","attrs":{"color":"#6A8CFF"}},{"type":"bold"}],"text":"Domain"},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"textStyle","attrs":{"color":"#6A8CFF"}}],"text":": Highest taxonomic rank; 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established at birth and through life, playing roles in digestion, immunity, and pathogen exclusion."}]}]},{"type":"listItem","content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"textAlign":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"textStyle","attrs":{"color":"#6A8CFF"}},{"type":"bold"}],"text":"Transient Microbiota"},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"textStyle","attrs":{"color":"#6A8CFF"}}],"text":": Temporary microbes present for short periods."}]}]},{"type":"listItem","content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"textAlign":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"textStyle","attrs":{"color":"#6A8CFF"}},{"type":"bold"}],"text":"Bioremediation"},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"textStyle","attrs":{"color":"#6A8CFF"}}],"text":": Use of microbes to remove pollutants."}]}]},{"type":"listItem","content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"textAlign":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"textStyle","attrs":{"color":"#6A8CFF"}},{"type":"bold"}],"text":"Growth Media"},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"textStyle","attrs":{"color":"#6A8CFF"}}],"text":": Nutrient-rich substances for culturing microbes."}]}]},{"type":"listItem","content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"textAlign":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"textStyle","attrs":{"color":"#6A8CFF"}},{"type":"bold"}],"text":"Pure Culture"},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"textStyle","attrs":{"color":"#6A8CFF"}}],"text":": Culture containing a single microbial species."}]}]},{"type":"listItem","content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"textAlign":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"textStyle","attrs":{"color":"#6A8CFF"}},{"type":"bold"}],"text":"Aseptic Culture Technique"},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"textStyle","attrs":{"color":"#6A8CFF"}}],"text":": Methods to prevent contamination in cultures."}]}]},{"type":"listItem","content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"textAlign":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"textStyle","attrs":{"color":"#6A8CFF"}},{"type":"bold"}],"text":"Biological Safety Cabinet"},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"textStyle","attrs":{"color":"#6A8CFF"}}],"text":": Enclosed, ventilated lab workspace for safely handling pathogens."}]}]},{"type":"listItem","content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"textAlign":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"textStyle","attrs":{"color":"#6A8CFF"}},{"type":"bold"}],"text":"Streak Plate Technique"},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"textStyle","attrs":{"color":"#6A8CFF"}}],"text":": Method to isolate pure colonies on solid media."}]}]},{"type":"listItem","content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"textAlign":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"textStyle","attrs":{"color":"#6A8CFF"}},{"type":"bold"}],"text":"Colony"},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"textStyle","attrs":{"color":"#6A8CFF"}}],"text":": Visible mass of microbial cells from a single progenitor."}]}]},{"type":"listItem","content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"textAlign":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"textStyle","attrs":{"color":"#6A8CFF"}},{"type":"bold"}],"text":"Mixed Culture"},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"textStyle","attrs":{"color":"#6A8CFF"}}],"text":": Culture with multiple microbial species."}]}]},{"type":"listItem","content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"textAlign":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"textStyle","attrs":{"color":"#6A8CFF"}},{"type":"bold"}],"text":"Stains"},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"textStyle","attrs":{"color":"#6A8CFF"}}],"text":": Dyes used to color cells for microscopy."}]}]},{"type":"listItem","content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"textAlign":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"textStyle","attrs":{"color":"#6A8CFF"}},{"type":"bold"}],"text":"Smear"},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"textStyle","attrs":{"color":"#6A8CFF"}}],"text":": Thin film of sample on a slide, made before staining."}]}]},{"type":"listItem","content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"textAlign":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"textStyle","attrs":{"color":"#6A8CFF"}},{"type":"bold"}],"text":"Fixed"},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"textStyle","attrs":{"color":"#6A8CFF"}}],"text":": Process of attaching cells to a slide, often by heat, to preserve structure and prevent washing away during staining."}]}]},{"type":"listItem","content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"textAlign":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"textStyle","attrs":{"color":"#6A8CFF"}},{"type":"bold"}],"text":"Mordant"},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"textStyle","attrs":{"color":"#6A8CFF"}}],"text":": Substance that helps fix dye to a structure (e.g., iodine in Gram stain)."}]}]},{"type":"listItem","content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"textAlign":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"textStyle","attrs":{"color":"#6A8CFF"}},{"type":"bold"}],"text":"Basic Dye"},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"textStyle","attrs":{"color":"#6A8CFF"}}],"text":": Positively charged dye; 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