Question 1

Which of the following best describes sterilization in the context of microbial control?

Accepted Answer

Destruction or removal of all microorganisms, including endospores and viruses

Question 2

A hospital is preparing surgical instruments for use. Which method would be most appropriate to ensure complete sterilization?

Accepted Answer

Autoclaving (moist heat under pressure)

Question 3

Which term refers specifically to the removal of pathogens from living tissue, such as skin before an injection?

Accepted Answer

Antisepsis

Question 4

Which suffix indicates an agent that kills bacteria?

Accepted Answer

Suffix: -cidal

Question 5

A chemical agent is described as bacteriostatic. What does this mean?

Accepted Answer

It inhibits the growth and reproduction of bacteria without necessarily killing them

Question 6

Which of the following is the ultimate means of sterilization, especially for heat-sensitive materials?

Accepted Answer

Radiation

Question 7

Why is moist heat generally more effective than dry heat for sterilization?

Accepted Answer

Moist heat penetrates cells better and denatures proteins more efficiently

Question 8

Which physical method of microbial control works by removing water to inhibit metabolism?

Accepted Answer

Desiccation

Question 9

A researcher needs to sterilize a heat-sensitive liquid. Which method should they use?

Accepted Answer

Filtration

Question 10

Which of the following statements about refrigeration is correct?

Accepted Answer

Refrigeration inhibits microbial growth by decreasing rates of metabolism and reproduction

Question 11

Which of the following is a limitation of using boiling for sterilization?

Accepted Answer

Boiling cannot kill endospores reliably

Question 12

Which chemical method of microbial control is most likely to be used for disinfecting surfaces in a hospital?

Accepted Answer

Phenolics

Question 13

A solution is described as antiseptic. Where is it most appropriately used?

Accepted Answer

On living tissue, such as skin

Question 14

Which of the following equations best represents the death rate of microbes exposed to a chemical agent, assuming a constant percentage of cells die per unit time?

Accepted Answer

$$N_t = N_0$ e$$^{-kt}$$

Question 15

Which environmental condition can increase the effectiveness of heat sterilization?

Accepted Answer

High humidity

Question 16

Which of the following is true regarding filtration as a method of microbial control?

Accepted Answer

It is effective for removing bacteria and viruses from liquids and air

Question 17

A mask labeled as 'N95' is designed to filter out at least what percentage of airborne particles?

Accepted Answer

95%

Question 18

Which of the following is a disadvantage of using phenolics for disinfection?

Accepted Answer

They can irritate skin and have a strong odor

Question 19

Which method is most appropriate for long-term preservation of microbial cultures?

Accepted Answer

Lyophilization (freeze-drying)

Question 20

Which of the following is NOT a physical method of microbial control?

Accepted Answer

Phenolics

Controlling Microbial Growth: Methods and Principles

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