Question 1

Which vessel supplies oxygenated blood to the liver?

Accepted Answer

Hepatic artery

Question 2

A patient presents with jaundice and laboratory results show elevated unconjugated bilirubin. Which is the most likely underlying mechanism?

Accepted Answer

Excessive breakdown of red blood cells (hemolysis)

Question 3

Which function is shared by both the liver and the exocrine pancreas?

Accepted Answer

Metabolism of carbohydrates

Question 4

A patient with chronic alcohol use develops cirrhosis. Which stage of alcohol-induced liver disease is characterized by permanent scarring and loss of liver function?

Accepted Answer

Cirrhosis

Question 5

Which laboratory test is most specific for detecting liver cell injury?

Accepted Answer

Serum aminotransferase levels (ALT, AST)

Question 6

A patient with portal hypertension is at increased risk for which of the following complications?

Accepted Answer

Esophageal varices

Question 7

Which of the following is a risk factor for drug-induced liver disease?

Accepted Answer

Taking multiple drugs simultaneously

Question 8

Which type of hepatitis virus requires co-infection with another hepatitis virus to cause disease?

Accepted Answer

Hepatitis D virus (HDV)

Question 9

A patient with primary biliary cirrhosis is most likely to present with which early symptom?

Accepted Answer

Unexplained itching (pruritus)

Question 10

Which of the following is a function of the gallbladder?

Accepted Answer

Storage and concentration of bile

Question 11

A patient with chronic pancreatitis due to alcohol abuse is most likely to have which type of pancreatic damage?

Accepted Answer

Chronic calcifying pancreatitis

Question 12

Which of the following is a plausible mechanism for liver injury in viral hepatitis?

Accepted Answer

Direct viral cytotoxicity and immune-mediated cell damage

Question 13

A patient with cirrhosis develops ascites. Which equation best describes the relationship between portal vein pressure ($$P_{portal}$$), blood flow ($$Q$$), and resistance ($$R$$)?

Accepted Answer

$$P_{portal} = Q 	imes R$$

Question 14

Which of the following is a common cause of gallstone formation?

Accepted Answer

Obesity leading to increased cholesterol in bile

Question 15

A patient with liver failure develops hepatic encephalopathy. Which substance is most likely elevated in the blood?

Accepted Answer

Ammonia ($$NH_3)$$

Question 16

Which of the following is a primary cancer arising from liver cells?

Accepted Answer

Hepatocellular carcinoma

Question 17

A patient with obstructive jaundice is most likely to have elevated levels of which type of bilirubin?

Accepted Answer

Conjugated bilirubin

Question 18

Which of the following is a plausible consequence of portal hypertension?

Accepted Answer

Splenomegaly

Question 19

A patient with acute pancreatitis is found to have elevated serum amylase and lipase. Which equation best represents the rate of enzyme release ($$R_e) in $$response to pancreatic injury?

Accepted Answer

$$R_e = k 	imes I$$

Question 20

Which of the following is a major risk factor for pancreatic cancer?

Accepted Answer

Smoking

38 patho

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