$$\text{Prevalence} = \frac{\text{Total number of cases (new and pre-existing)}}{\text{Total population}}$$

$$\frac{500}{100,000} \times 1,000 = 5$$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the primary focus of epidemiology?

Accepted Answer

The study of the occurrence, distribution, and determinants of health and disease in a population

Question 2

According to the provided data, what was the percentage of deaths due to infectious diseases globally in 2016?

Accepted Answer

56%

Question 3

Which term refers to the number of new cases of a disease in a specific time period per 1,000 people?

Accepted Answer

Incidence

Question 4

A disease that is constantly present at low levels in a population is described as:

Accepted Answer

Endemic

Question 5

Which of the following is an example of a zoonosis?

Accepted Answer

Rabies transmitted from dogs to humans

Question 6

What is the correct sequence of disease progression after infection?

Accepted Answer

Incubation period → Acute period → Decline period → Convalescent period

Question 7

Which of the following is NOT a direct mode of disease transmission?

Accepted Answer

Transmission via fomites

Question 8

A common-source epidemic is most likely to result from:

Accepted Answer

Contaminated food or water

Question 9

Which of the following interventions is most effective in achieving herd immunity?

Accepted Answer

Mass immunization/vaccination

Question 10

Which equation correctly represents the calculation of prevalence?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{Prevalence} = \frac{	ext{Total number of cases (new and pre-existing)}}{	ext{Total population}}$$

Question 11

Which of the following is a major reason for the high rate of nosocomial infections in healthcare settings?

Accepted Answer

Healthcare personnel move from patient to patient

Question 12

Which of the following is a vector in disease transmission?

Accepted Answer

Mosquito

Question 13

Which of the following diseases is listed as a leading cause of death due to infectious diseases globally and has a vaccine available?

Accepted Answer

Measles

Question 14

If a population has 500 new cases of a disease in a year and the total population is 100,000, what is the incidence rate per 1,000 people?

Accepted Answer

$$\frac{500}{100,000} 	imes 1,000 = 5$$

Question 15

Which of the following best explains the decline in USA death rates due to infectious diseases in the early 20th century?

Accepted Answer

Improvements in drinking water and sanitation

Question 16

Which term describes a global epidemic?

Accepted Answer

Pandemic

Question 17

Which of the following is a plausible reason for the emergence of new infectious diseases?

Accepted Answer

Antigenic shift in viral pathogens

Question 18

Which of the following is an example of indirect transmission of disease?

Accepted Answer

Eating food contaminated with Salmonella

Question 19

Which of the following is a critical public health strategy for controlling the spread of infectious diseases?

Accepted Answer

Vaccination and immunization programs

Question 20

Which of the following best describes morbidity?

Accepted Answer

Incidence of disease in a population

Epidemiology and Public Health: Core Concepts and Applications

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