Question 1

Which of the following statements best distinguishes prokaryotic cells from eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Prokaryotic cells have a single circular chromosome not enclosed by a membrane.

Question 2

A bacterium is observed to be rod-shaped and forms chains. What is the correct term for this arrangement?

Accepted Answer

Streptobacilli

Question 3

Which structure allows bacteria such as Neisseria gonorrhoeae to adhere to human tissues and is also involved in biofilm formation?

Accepted Answer

Fimbriae

Question 4

Which component of the gram-negative bacterial cell wall is responsible for its toxicity and can trigger fever and shock in humans?

Accepted Answer

Lipid A of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)

Question 5

Penicillin is most effective against which type of bacteria, and why?

Accepted Answer

Gram-positive bacteria, because penicillin inhibits peptide cross-bridge formation in their thick peptidoglycan.

Question 6

A patient is infected with a bacterium that survives phagocytosis and forms persistent infections. Which structure most likely contributes to this ability?

Accepted Answer

Capsule (glycocalyx)

Question 7

Which process describes the movement of water across a selectively permeable membrane from an area of low solute concentration to high solute concentration?

Accepted Answer

Osmosis

Question 8

Which of the following best describes the function of bacterial endospores?

Accepted Answer

They allow bacteria to survive harsh environmental conditions.

Question 9

Which of the following is a correct description of the Gram stain mechanism?

Accepted Answer

Alcohol dissolves the outer membrane of gram-negative cells, allowing crystal violet-iodine complexes to be washed out.

Question 10

Which of the following is NOT a function of the prokaryotic plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

Protein synthesis

Question 11

A bacterium is placed in a hypertonic solution. What is the most likely outcome?

Accepted Answer

Water will move out of the cell, causing plasmolysis.

Question 12

Which of the following statements about mycoplasmas is true?

Accepted Answer

They lack cell walls but have sterols in their plasma membrane.

Question 13

Which of the following structures is correctly matched with its function?

Accepted Answer

Pili – DNA transfer during conjugation

Question 14

Which of the following best explains why gram-negative bacteria are less susceptible to penicillin than gram-positive bacteria?

Accepted Answer

The outer membrane of gram-negative bacteria blocks access of penicillin to its target.

Question 15

Which of the following inclusions would you expect to find in a photosynthetic bacterium for carbon fixation?

Accepted Answer

Carboxysomes

Question 16

Which of the following is a unique feature of archaeal cell walls compared to bacterial cell walls?

Accepted Answer

Presence of pseudomurein

Question 17

Which of the following antibiotics specifically targets the 70S ribosome of prokaryotes, inhibiting protein synthesis?

Accepted Answer

Streptomycin

Question 18

A scientist observes a bacterium with a thick, waxy cell wall that stains with carbolfuchsin and resists decolorization with acid-alcohol. Which genus does this bacterium most likely belong to?

Accepted Answer

Mycobacterium

Question 19

Which of the following best describes group translocation in bacteria?

Accepted Answer

An active process where a substance is chemically modified during transport into the cell.

Question 20

Which of the following best explains why endospores are a concern in the food industry?

Accepted Answer

They can survive harsh conditions such as heat and chemicals, making sterilization difficult.

Functional Anatomy of Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells: Study Guide

Guida di studio - Domande di pratica

Study guide - Flashcard