Question 1

Which of the following best describes the difference between covalent and ionic bonds in biological molecules?

Accepted Answer

Covalent bonds involve the sharing of electrons between atoms, while ionic bonds involve the transfer of electrons from one atom to another.

Question 2

A neutral atom of carbon has 6 protons and 6 neutrons. How many electrons are present in its outermost shell?

Accepted Answer

4

Question 3

Which of the following macromolecules is correctly matched with its monomer?

Accepted Answer

Carbohydrates — Monosaccharides

Question 4

Which chemical reaction is responsible for breaking down polymers into monomers in biological systems?

Accepted Answer

Hydrolysis

Question 5

A solution has a pH of 3. Which of the following statements is true about this solution?

Accepted Answer

It is acidic and has a high concentration of $$\mathrm{H^+}$$ ions.

Question 6

Which of the following best explains why water is considered a polar molecule?

Accepted Answer

Water has a bent structure and unequal sharing of electrons, resulting in partial charges.

Question 7

Which of the following is NOT a function of proteins in living organisms?

Accepted Answer

Storing genetic information

Question 8

Which of the following statements about isotopes is correct?

Accepted Answer

Isotopes of an element have the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons.

Question 9

Which of the following best describes the process of dehydration synthesis?

Accepted Answer

A reaction that joins monomers to form polymers by removing a molecule of water.

Question 10

Which of the following is a correct example of a chemical formula for a carbohydrate monomer?

Accepted Answer

$$\mathrm{C_6H_{12}O_6$}$$

Question 11

Which of the following statements about enzymes is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

Enzymes are consumed during the reactions they catalyze.

Question 12

Which of the following best describes the difference between saturated and unsaturated fatty acids?

Accepted Answer

Unsaturated fatty acids contain one or more double bonds, while saturated fatty acids do not.

Question 13

Which of the following is a correct description of the role of ATP in cells?

Accepted Answer

ATP provides energy for cellular processes.

Question 14

A scientist is studying a molecule with the formula $$\mathrm{C$$_{2}$$H_{5}NO$$_{2}}$. Which class of macromolecule does this most likely represent?

Accepted Answer

Amino acid (protein monomer)

Question 15

Which of the following is a correct statement about the structure of nucleic acids?

Accepted Answer

Nucleic acids are composed of nucleotides linked by phosphodiester bonds.

Question 16

Which of the following best explains why enzymes are specific to their substrates?

Accepted Answer

Enzymes have active sites with unique shapes that fit only specific substrates.

Question 17

Which of the following is an example of an exothermic reaction in biological systems?

Accepted Answer

Cellular respiration in animals

Question 18

A patient is diagnosed with acidosis. Which of the following best describes the pH of their blood?

Accepted Answer

pH is below 7.35

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the role of functional groups in organic molecules?

Accepted Answer

Functional groups determine the physical and chemical properties of organic molecules.

Question 20

Which of the following is a correct statement about the relationship between monomers and polymers?

Accepted Answer

Monomers are joined together to form polymers by dehydration synthesis.

E1 - Ch 2: Fundamentals of Chemistry for Microbiology: Atoms, Bonds, and Macromolecules

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