Question 1

Which enzyme is primarily responsible for synthesizing complementary DNA (cDNA) from eukaryotic mRNA during recombinant DNA technology?

Accepted Answer

Reverse transcriptase

Question 2

A scientist wants to amplify a specific DNA segment from a sample containing only a few copies. Which technique should they use, and what is one major disadvantage of this method?

Accepted Answer

Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR); it is highly susceptible to contamination leading to false positives

Question 3

Which of the following best describes the role of restriction endonucleases in recombinant DNA technology?

Accepted Answer

They cut DNA at specific palindromic sequences, allowing for precise gene insertion

Question 4

During PCR, why is Taq polymerase preferred over other DNA polymerases?

Accepted Answer

It is resistant to high temperatures used during denaturation

Question 5

Which of the following is a real-world application of CRISPR-Cas9 technology?

Accepted Answer

Precisely editing genetic mutations responsible for inherited diseases

Question 6

A patient with cystic fibrosis receives a functional copy of the CFTR gene into their lung cells. What type of genetic therapy is this?

Accepted Answer

Somatic gene therapy

Question 7

Which of the following steps is NOT part of the standard PCR cycle?

Accepted Answer

Transcription

Question 8

In gel electrophoresis, DNA fragments move toward the positive pole because:

Accepted Answer

DNA is negatively charged and is attracted to the positive electrode

Question 9

Which of the following is a major advantage of microarray technology in medical diagnostics?

Accepted Answer

It allows simultaneous analysis of thousands of gene expressions in a single sample

Question 10

A genetically modified crop is engineered to produce vitamin A to combat nutritional deficiencies. Which term best describes this organism?

Accepted Answer

Transgenic organism

Question 11

Which of the following recombinant products is used to treat diabetes?

Accepted Answer

Human insulin

Question 12

What is the significance of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in DNA analysis?

Accepted Answer

They serve as genetic markers for identifying individuals and disease susceptibility

Question 13

Which equation best represents the exponential amplification of DNA during PCR, where $$n is $$the number of cycles and $$N_0 is $$the initial number of DNA molecules?

Accepted Answer

$$N = N_0$ 	imes 2^n$$

Question 14

Which of the following is a key feature of a good microbial cloning host?

Accepted Answer

Nonpathogenic and capable of accepting plasmid vectors

Question 15

A forensic scientist analyzes DNA from a crime scene using gel electrophoresis. What property of DNA fragments allows them to be separated in this technique?

Accepted Answer

Their size, with smaller fragments moving faster through the gel

Question 16

Which of the following statements about germline gene therapy is correct?

Accepted Answer

It results in heritable genetic changes that can be passed to future generations

Question 17

Which process involves breaking the entire genome into small fragments, sequencing each fragment, and then assembling the full genome using computer algorithms?

Accepted Answer

Whole-genome shotgun sequencing

Question 18

Which of the following is NOT a product of recombinant DNA technology?

Accepted Answer

Antibiotic resistance gene in wild-type bacteria

Question 19

A researcher uses CRISPR-Cas9 to cut DNA at a specific site. What is the natural function of this system in bacteria?

Accepted Answer

To defend against invading bacteriophages by cutting foreign DNA

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the use of miRNAs in medicine?

Accepted Answer

They can silence specific gene expression, potentially blocking tumor growth

Genetic Analysis and Recombinant DNA Technology: Tools, Techniques, and Applications

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